我正在为Oracle数据库写一些迁移脚本，并希望Oracle有类似于MySQL的IF EXISTS构造的东西。
具体来说，每当我想在MySQL中删除一个表时，我就会做这样的事情
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `table_name`;
这样，如果表不存在，DROP也不会产生错误，脚本可以继续。
Oracle有类似的机制吗?我意识到我可以使用下面的查询来检查表是否存在
SELECT * FROM dba_tables where table_name = 'table_name';
但是把它和DROP绑定在一起的语法让我很困惑。
当前回答
像这样的积木可能对你有用。
DECLARE
table_exist INT;
BEGIN
SELECT Count(*)
INTO table_exist
FROM dba_tables
WHERE owner = 'SCHEMA_NAME'
AND table_name = 'EMPLOYEE_TABLE';
IF table_exist = 1 THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'drop table EMPLOYEE_TABLE';
END IF;
END;
其他回答
我一直在寻找同样的东西，但我最终写了一个程序来帮助我:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DelObject(ObjName varchar2,ObjType varchar2)
IS
v_counter number := 0;
begin
if ObjType = 'TABLE' then
select count(*) into v_counter from user_tables where table_name = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'drop table ' || ObjName || ' cascade constraints';
end if;
end if;
if ObjType = 'PROCEDURE' then
select count(*) into v_counter from User_Objects where object_type = 'PROCEDURE' and OBJECT_NAME = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP PROCEDURE ' || ObjName;
end if;
end if;
if ObjType = 'FUNCTION' then
select count(*) into v_counter from User_Objects where object_type = 'FUNCTION' and OBJECT_NAME = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP FUNCTION ' || ObjName;
end if;
end if;
if ObjType = 'TRIGGER' then
select count(*) into v_counter from User_Triggers where TRIGGER_NAME = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP TRIGGER ' || ObjName;
end if;
end if;
if ObjType = 'VIEW' then
select count(*) into v_counter from User_Views where VIEW_NAME = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP VIEW ' || ObjName;
end if;
end if;
if ObjType = 'SEQUENCE' then
select count(*) into v_counter from user_sequences where sequence_name = upper(ObjName);
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP SEQUENCE ' || ObjName;
end if;
end if;
end;
希望这能有所帮助
我更倾向于指定表和模式所有者。
还要注意大小写敏感性。(见下文“上”条款)。
我扔了几个不同的对象，以表明它可以用在桌子之外的地方。
.............
declare
v_counter int;
begin
select count(*) into v_counter from dba_users where upper(username)=upper('UserSchema01');
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP USER UserSchema01 CASCADE';
end if;
end;
/
CREATE USER UserSchema01 IDENTIFIED BY pa$$word
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON users;
grant create session to UserSchema01;
还有一个TABLE的例子:
declare
v_counter int;
begin
select count(*) into v_counter from all_tables where upper(TABLE_NAME)=upper('ORDERS') and upper(OWNER)=upper('UserSchema01');
if v_counter > 0 then
execute immediate 'DROP TABLE UserSchema01.ORDERS';
end if;
end;
/
另一种方法是定义一个异常，然后只捕获该异常，让所有其他异常传播。
Declare
eTableDoesNotExist Exception;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(eTableDoesNotExist, -942);
Begin
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ('DROP TABLE myschema.mytable');
Exception
When eTableDoesNotExist Then
DBMS_Output.Put_Line('Table already does not exist.');
End;
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE "IMS"."MAX" ';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
RAISE;
END IF;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE '
CREATE TABLE "IMS"."MAX"
( "ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE,
"NAME" VARCHAR2(20 BYTE),
CONSTRAINT "MAX_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "SYSAUX" ENABLE
) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "SYSAUX" ';
END;
//执行这段代码，检查表是否存在，然后创建表max。这只适用于单次编译
只是想发布一个完整的代码，将创建一个表，并删除它，如果它已经存在使用Jeffrey的代码(赞美他，不是我!)
BEGIN
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE tablename';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
IF SQLCODE != -942 THEN
RAISE;
END IF;
END;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE tablename AS SELECT * FROM sourcetable WHERE 1=0';
END;
