首先，请注意，以上所有查询都可能遗漏或错误地合并索引的INCLUDE列。在某些情况下，还缺少列的正确排序和/或ASC/DESC选项。

由jona修改了上述查询。顺便说一句，在我使用的许多数据库中，我都安装了自己的CLR CONCATENATE聚合函数，因此下面的代码依赖于存在这样的东西。上面的SQL语句简化为更易于维护:

SELECT
  s.[name] AS [schema_name]
, t.[name] AS [table_name]
, i.[name] AS [index_name]
, dbo.Concatenate(CASE WHEN ic.[key_ordinal] > 0 AND ic.[is_descending_key] = 1 THEN c.[name] + ' DESC' WHEN key_ordinal > 0 THEN c.[name] ELSE NULL END,',',1) AS [columns]
, dbo.Concatenate(CASE WHEN ic.[is_included_column] = 1 THEN c.[name] ELSE NULL END,',',1) AS [includes]
FROM
  sys.tables t
INNER JOIN
  sys.schemas s ON t.[schema_id] = s.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN
  sys.indexes i ON i.[object_id] = t.[object_id]
INNER JOIN
  sys.index_columns ic ON ic.[object_id] = t.[object_id] AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
INNER JOIN
  sys.columns c ON c.[object_id] = t.[object_id] AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
GROUP BY
  s.[name]
, t.[name]
, i.[name]
ORDER BY
  s.[name]
, t.[name]
, i.[name]

如果您的环境允许将基于clr的函数添加到其中，那么就会有许多级联聚合。

select i.object_id, i.name as [index] , STRING_AGG(c.name,', ') as [column], o.name as [table] from sys.indexes i
INNER join sys.index_columns ic on ic.object_id = i.object_id and ic.index_id = i.index_id
INNER join sys.columns c on c.object_id = ic.object_id and ic.column_id = c.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects o on o.object_id = i.object_id
where i.object_id > 100 and i.is_primary_key = 0 and i.is_unique = 0 and o.is_ms_shipped <> 1
group by i.object_id, i.name, o.name
order by i.name

将此用于sql 2016及更高级别，它会显示object_id, indexname，列和表名为非唯一的，没有主键

这是一种回退到索引的方法。您可以使用SHOWCONTIG来评估碎片。它将列出数据库或表的所有索引，以及统计信息。我要提醒的是，在大型数据库上，它可能是长时间运行的。对我来说，这种方法的好处之一是您不必是管理员就可以使用它。

——显示数据库中所有索引的碎片信息

SET NOCOUNT ON
USE pubs
DBCC SHOWCONTIG WITH ALL_INDEXES
GO

.．.完成后关闭NOCOUNT

——显示表中所有索引的碎片信息

SET NOCOUNT ON
USE pubs
DBCC SHOWCONTIG (authors) WITH ALL_INDEXES
GO

——显示特定索引上的碎片信息

SET NOCOUNT ON
USE pubs
DBCC SHOWCONTIG (authors,aunmind)
GO

有两个“sys”目录视图可以参考:Indexes和sys.index_columns。

这些会给你关于下标和它们的列的任何信息。

编辑:这个查询非常接近你所寻找的:

SELECT 
     TableName = t.name,
     IndexName = ind.name,
     IndexId = ind.index_id,
     ColumnId = ic.index_column_id,
     ColumnName = col.name,
     ind.*,
     ic.*,
     col.* 
FROM 
     sys.indexes ind 
INNER JOIN 
     sys.index_columns ic ON  ind.object_id = ic.object_id and ind.index_id = ic.index_id 
INNER JOIN 
     sys.columns col ON ic.object_id = col.object_id and ic.column_id = col.column_id 
INNER JOIN 
     sys.tables t ON ind.object_id = t.object_id 
WHERE 
     ind.is_primary_key = 0 
     AND ind.is_unique = 0 
     AND ind.is_unique_constraint = 0 
     AND t.is_ms_shipped = 0 
ORDER BY 
     t.name, ind.name, ind.index_id, ic.is_included_column, ic.key_ordinal;

下面的查询包含了所有列的用户定义索引的所有相关信息(对于唯一约束和主键没有索引):

SELECT I.name as IndexName, 
        CASE WHEN I.is_unique = 1 THEN 'Yes' ELSE 'No' END as 'Unique',
        I.type_desc COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT as Index_Type,
        '[' + SCHEMA_NAME(T.schema_id) + ']' as 'Schema',
        '[' + T.name + ']' as TableName,
        STUFF((SELECT ', [' + C.name + CASE WHEN IC.is_descending_key = 0 THEN '] ASC' ELSE '] DESC' END
            FROM sys.index_columns IC INNER JOIN sys.columns C ON  IC.object_id = C.object_id  AND IC.column_id = C.column_id
            WHERE IC.is_included_column = 0 AND IC.object_id = I.object_id AND IC.index_id = I.Index_id
            FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '') as Key_Columns,
        Included_Columns, 
        I.filter_definition,
        CASE WHEN I.is_padded = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END as PAD_INDEX, 
        CASE WHEN ST.no_recompute = 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE 'ON' END as [Statistics_Norecompute],
        CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), CASE WHEN I.fill_factor = 0 THEN 100 ELSE I.fill_factor END) as [Fillfactor],
        CASE WHEN I.ignore_dup_key = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END as [Ignore_Dup_Key],       
        CASE WHEN I.allow_row_locks = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END as [Allow_Row_Locks], 
        CASE WHEN I.allow_page_locks = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END [Allow_Page_Locks]        
FROM    sys.indexes I INNER JOIN        
        sys.tables T ON  T.object_id = I.object_id INNER JOIN       
        sys.stats ST ON  ST.object_id = I.object_id AND ST.stats_id = I.index_id INNER JOIN 
        sys.data_spaces DS ON  I.data_space_id = DS.data_space_id INNER JOIN 
        sys.filegroups FG ON  I.data_space_id = FG.data_space_id LEFT OUTER JOIN 
        (SELECT * FROM 
            (SELECT IC2.object_id, IC2.index_id,
                STUFF((SELECT ', ' + C.name FROM sys.index_columns IC1 INNER JOIN 
                    sys.columns C ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id
                        AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id
                        AND IC1.is_included_column = 1
                    WHERE  IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id
                    GROUP BY IC1.object_id, C.name, index_id  FOR XML PATH('')
                ), 1, 2, '') as Included_Columns
            FROM sys.index_columns IC2
            GROUP BY IC2.object_id, IC2.index_id) tmp1
            WHERE Included_Columns IS NOT NULL
        ) tmp2
        ON tmp2.object_id = I.object_id AND tmp2.index_id = I.index_id
WHERE I.is_primary_key = 0 AND I.is_unique_constraint = 0;

作为额外的奖励，下面的查询被格式化为写出创建索引和删除索引脚本:

SELECT I.name as IndexName, 
        -- Uncommnent line below to include checking for index exists as part of the script
        --'IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name = '''+ I.name +''') ' +
        'CREATE ' + CASE WHEN I.is_unique = 1 THEN ' UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END +
        I.type_desc COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT + ' INDEX [' +
        I.name + '] ON [' + SCHEMA_NAME(T.schema_id) + '].[' + T.name + '] (' + STUFF(
        (SELECT ', [' + C.name + CASE WHEN IC.is_descending_key = 0 THEN '] ASC' ELSE '] DESC' END
            FROM sys.index_columns IC INNER JOIN sys.columns C ON  IC.object_id = C.object_id  AND IC.column_id = C.column_id
            WHERE IC.is_included_column = 0 AND IC.object_id = I.object_id AND IC.index_id = I.Index_id
            FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')  + ') ' +
        ISNULL(' INCLUDE (' + IncludedColumns + ') ', '') +
        ISNULL(' WHERE ' + I.filter_definition, '') + 
        'WITH (PAD_INDEX = ' + CASE WHEN I.is_padded = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + 
        ', STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = ' + CASE WHEN ST.no_recompute = 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE 'ON' END + 
        ', SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF' + 
        ', FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), CASE WHEN I.fill_factor = 0 THEN 100 ELSE I.fill_factor END) +
        ', IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ' + CASE WHEN I.ignore_dup_key = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END +      
        ', ONLINE = OFF' + 
        ', ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ' + CASE WHEN I.allow_row_locks = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + 
        ', ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ' + CASE WHEN I.allow_page_locks = 1 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END + 
        ') ON [' + DS.name + '];' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) + 'GO' as [CreateIndex],
        'DROP INDEX ['+ I.name +'] ON ['+ SCHEMA_NAME(T.schema_id) +'].['+ T.name +'];' +
        CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) + 'GO' AS [DropIndex]
FROM    sys.indexes I INNER JOIN        
        sys.tables T ON  T.object_id = I.object_id INNER JOIN       
        sys.stats ST ON  ST.object_id = I.object_id AND ST.stats_id = I.index_id INNER JOIN 
        sys.data_spaces DS ON  I.data_space_id = DS.data_space_id INNER JOIN 
        sys.filegroups FG ON  I.data_space_id = FG.data_space_id LEFT OUTER JOIN 
        (SELECT * FROM 
            (SELECT IC2.object_id, IC2.index_id,
                STUFF((SELECT ', ' + C.name FROM sys.index_columns IC1 INNER JOIN 
                    sys.columns C ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id
                        AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id
                        AND IC1.is_included_column = 1
                    WHERE  IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id
                    GROUP BY IC1.object_id, C.name, index_id  FOR XML PATH('')
                ), 1, 2, '') as IncludedColumns
            FROM sys.index_columns IC2
            GROUP BY IC2.object_id, IC2.index_id) tmp1
            WHERE IncludedColumns IS NOT NULL
        ) tmp2
        ON tmp2.object_id = I.object_id AND tmp2.index_id = I.index_id
WHERE I.is_primary_key = 0 AND I.is_unique_constraint = 0 

使用SQL Server 2016，这给出了所有索引的完整列表，并包含每个表的转储，以便您可以查看表之间的关系。它还显示包含在覆盖索引中的列:

select t.name TableName, i.name IdxName, c.name ColName
    , ic.index_column_id ColPosition
    , i.type_desc Type
    , case when i.is_primary_key = 1 then 'Yes' else '' end [Primary?]
    , case when i.is_unique = 1 then 'Yes' else '' end [Unique?]
    , case when ic.is_included_column = 0 then '' else 'Yes - Included' end [CoveredColumn?]
    , 'indexes >>>>' [*indexes*], i.*, 'index_columns >>>>' [*index_columns*]
    , ic.*, 'tables >>>>' [*tables*]
    , t.*, 'columns >>>>' [*columns*], c.*
from sys.index_columns ic
join sys.tables t on t.object_id = ic.object_id
join sys.columns c on c.object_id = t.object_id and c.column_id = ic.column_id
join sys.indexes i on i.object_id = t.object_id and i.index_id = ic.index_id
order by TableName, IdxName, ColPosition