下面是我创建的一个简单的性能函数(在使用json_decode处理更大的字符串之前使用基本的字符串验证):

function isJson($string) {
    $response = false;

    if (
        is_string($string) &&
        ($string = trim($string)) &&
        ($stringLength = strlen($string)) &&
        (
            (
                stripos($string, '{') === 0 &&
                (stripos($string, '}', -1) + 1) === $stringLength
            ) ||
            (
                stripos($string, '[{') === 0 &&
                (stripos($string, '}]', -1) + 2) === $stringLength
            )
        ) &&
        ($decodedString = json_decode($string, true)) &&
        is_array($decodedString)
    ) {
        $response = true;
    }

    return $response;
}

问题的答案

函数json_last_error返回JSON编码和解码过程中发生的最后一个错误。因此，检查有效JSON的最快方法是

// decode the JSON data
// set second parameter boolean TRUE for associative array output.
$result = json_decode($json);

if (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
    // JSON is valid
}

// OR this is equivalent

if (json_last_error() === 0) {
    // JSON is valid
}

注意json_last_error仅在PHP >= 5.3.0中支持。

完整的程序来检查准确的错误

在开发期间了解准确的错误总是好的。下面是基于PHP文档检查确切错误的完整程序。

function json_validate($string)
{
    // decode the JSON data
    $result = json_decode($string);

    // switch and check possible JSON errors
    switch (json_last_error()) {
        case JSON_ERROR_NONE:
            $error = ''; // JSON is valid // No error has occurred
            break;
        case JSON_ERROR_DEPTH:
            $error = 'The maximum stack depth has been exceeded.';
            break;
        case JSON_ERROR_STATE_MISMATCH:
            $error = 'Invalid or malformed JSON.';
            break;
        case JSON_ERROR_CTRL_CHAR:
            $error = 'Control character error, possibly incorrectly encoded.';
            break;
        case JSON_ERROR_SYNTAX:
            $error = 'Syntax error, malformed JSON.';
            break;
        // PHP >= 5.3.3
        case JSON_ERROR_UTF8:
            $error = 'Malformed UTF-8 characters, possibly incorrectly encoded.';
            break;
        // PHP >= 5.5.0
        case JSON_ERROR_RECURSION:
            $error = 'One or more recursive references in the value to be encoded.';
            break;
        // PHP >= 5.5.0
        case JSON_ERROR_INF_OR_NAN:
            $error = 'One or more NAN or INF values in the value to be encoded.';
            break;
        case JSON_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE:
            $error = 'A value of a type that cannot be encoded was given.';
            break;
        default:
            $error = 'Unknown JSON error occured.';
            break;
    }

    if ($error !== '') {
        // throw the Exception or exit // or whatever :)
        exit($error);
    }

    // everything is OK
    return $result;
}

使用有效的JSON INPUT进行测试

$json = '[{"user_id":13,"username":"stack"},{"user_id":14,"username":"over"}]';
$output = json_validate($json);
print_r($output);

有效的输出

Array
(
    [0] => stdClass Object
        (
            [user_id] => 13
            [username] => stack
        )

    [1] => stdClass Object
        (
            [user_id] => 14
            [username] => over
        )
)

使用无效JSON进行测试

$json = '{background-color:yellow;color:#000;padding:10px;width:650px;}';
$output = json_validate($json);
print_r($output);

无效的输出

Syntax error, malformed JSON.

额外注意(PHP >= 5.2 && PHP < 5.3.0)

由于PHP 5.2中不支持json_last_error，因此可以检查编码或解码是否返回布尔值FALSE。这里有一个例子

// decode the JSON data
$result = json_decode($json);
if ($result === FALSE) {
    // JSON is invalid
}

应该是这样的:

 function isJson($string)
 {
    // 1. Speed up the checking & prevent exception throw when non string is passed
    if (is_numeric($string) ||
        !is_string($string) ||
        !$string) {
        return false;
    }

    $cleaned_str = trim($string);
    if (!$cleaned_str || !in_array($cleaned_str[0], ['{', '['])) {
        return false;
    }

    // 2. Actual checking
    $str = json_decode($string);
    return (json_last_error() == JSON_ERROR_NONE) && $str && $str != $string;
}

单元测试

public function testIsJson()
{
    $non_json_values = [
        "12",
        0,
        1,
        12,
        -1,
        '',
        null,
        0.1,
        '.',
        "''",
        true,
        false,
        [],
        '""',
        '[]',
        '   {',
        '   [',
    ];

   $json_values = [
        '{}',
        '{"foo": "bar"}',
        '[{}]',
        '  {}',
        ' {}  '
    ];

   foreach ($non_json_values as $non_json_value) {
        $is_json = isJson($non_json_value);
        $this->assertFalse($is_json);
    }

    foreach ($json_values as $json_value) {
        $is_json = isJson($json_value);
        $this->assertTrue($is_json);
    }
}

使用json_decode“探测”它实际上可能不是最快的方法。如果它是一个嵌套很深的结构，那么实例化大量数组对象来丢弃它们是浪费内存和时间。

所以使用preg_match和RFC4627正则表达式来确保有效性可能会更快:

  // in JS:
  var my_JSON_object = !(/[^,:{}\[\]0-9.\-+Eaeflnr-u \n\r\t]/.test(
         text.replace(/"(\\.|[^"\\])*"/g, '')));

在PHP中也一样:

  return !preg_match('/[^,:{}\\[\\]0-9.\\-+Eaeflnr-u \\n\\r\\t]/',
       preg_replace('/"(\\.|[^"\\\\])*"/', '', $json_string));

不过，我不是一个性能爱好者，不会在这里费心进行基准测试。

这就是我的建议

if (!in_array(substr($string, 0, 1), ['{', '[']) || !in_array(substr($string, -1), ['}', ']'])) {
  return false;
} else {
  json_decode($string);
  return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
}

使用PHPBench和下面的类，得到了以下结果:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

/**
 * @Revs(1000)
 * @Iterations(100)
 */
class BenchmarkJson
{
    public function benchCatchValid(): bool
    {
        $validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
        try {
            json_decode($validJson, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
            return true;
        } catch(\JsonException $exception) {}
        return false;
    }

    public function benchCatchInvalid(): bool
    {
        $invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
        try {
            json_decode($invalidJson, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
            return true;
        } catch(\JsonException $exception) {}
        return false;
    }

    public function benchLastErrorValid(): bool
    {
        $validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
        json_decode($validJson, true);
        return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
    }

    public function benchLastErrorInvalid(): bool
    {
        $invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
        json_decode($invalidJson, true);
        return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
    }

    public function benchNullValid(): bool
    {
        $validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
        return (json_decode($validJson, true) !== null);
    }

    public function benchNullInvalid(): bool
    {
        $invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
        return (json_decode($invalidJson, true) !== null);
    }
}

6 subjects, 600 iterations, 6,000 revs, 0 rejects, 0 failures, 0 warnings
(best [mean mode] worst) = 0.714 [1.203 1.175] 1.073 (μs)
⅀T: 721.504μs μSD/r 0.089μs μRSD/r: 7.270%
suite: 1343ab9a3590de6065bc0bc6eeb344c9f6eba642, date: 2020-01-21, stime: 12:50:14
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| benchmark     | subject               | set | revs | its | mem_peak   | best    | mean    | mode    | worst   | stdev   | rstdev | diff  |
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| BenchmarkJson | benchCatchValid       | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,168b | 0.954μs | 1.032μs | 1.016μs | 1.428μs | 0.062μs | 6.04%  | 1.33x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchCatchInvalid     | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 2.033μs | 2.228μs | 2.166μs | 3.001μs | 0.168μs | 7.55%  | 2.88x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchLastErrorValid   | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 1.076μs | 1.195μs | 1.169μs | 1.616μs | 0.083μs | 6.97%  | 1.54x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchLastErrorInvalid | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 0.785μs | 0.861μs | 0.863μs | 1.132μs | 0.056μs | 6.54%  | 1.11x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchNullValid        | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,168b | 0.985μs | 1.124μs | 1.077μs | 1.731μs | 0.114μs | 10.15% | 1.45x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchNullInvalid      | 0   | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 0.714μs | 0.775μs | 0.759μs | 1.073μs | 0.049μs | 6.36%  | 1.00x |
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+

结论:检查json是否有效的最快方法是返回json_decode($json, true) !== null)。