我需要一个非常非常快的方法来检查字符串是否为JSON。我觉得这不是最好的方式:
function isJson($string) {
return ((is_string($string) &&
(is_object(json_decode($string)) ||
is_array(json_decode($string))))) ? true : false;
}
有没有表演爱好者想改进这种方法?
我需要一个非常非常快的方法来检查字符串是否为JSON。我觉得这不是最好的方式:
function isJson($string) {
return ((is_string($string) &&
(is_object(json_decode($string)) ||
is_array(json_decode($string))))) ? true : false;
}
有没有表演爱好者想改进这种方法?
当前回答
下面是我创建的一个简单的性能函数(在使用json_decode处理更大的字符串之前使用基本的字符串验证):
function isJson($string) {
$response = false;
if (
is_string($string) &&
($string = trim($string)) &&
($stringLength = strlen($string)) &&
(
(
stripos($string, '{') === 0 &&
(stripos($string, '}', -1) + 1) === $stringLength
) ||
(
stripos($string, '[{') === 0 &&
(stripos($string, '}]', -1) + 2) === $stringLength
)
) &&
($decodedString = json_decode($string, true)) &&
is_array($decodedString)
) {
$response = true;
}
return $response;
}
其他回答
问题的答案
函数json_last_error返回JSON编码和解码过程中发生的最后一个错误。因此,检查有效JSON的最快方法是
// decode the JSON data
// set second parameter boolean TRUE for associative array output.
$result = json_decode($json);
if (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
// JSON is valid
}
// OR this is equivalent
if (json_last_error() === 0) {
// JSON is valid
}
注意json_last_error仅在PHP >= 5.3.0中支持。
完整的程序来检查准确的错误
在开发期间了解准确的错误总是好的。下面是基于PHP文档检查确切错误的完整程序。
function json_validate($string)
{
// decode the JSON data
$result = json_decode($string);
// switch and check possible JSON errors
switch (json_last_error()) {
case JSON_ERROR_NONE:
$error = ''; // JSON is valid // No error has occurred
break;
case JSON_ERROR_DEPTH:
$error = 'The maximum stack depth has been exceeded.';
break;
case JSON_ERROR_STATE_MISMATCH:
$error = 'Invalid or malformed JSON.';
break;
case JSON_ERROR_CTRL_CHAR:
$error = 'Control character error, possibly incorrectly encoded.';
break;
case JSON_ERROR_SYNTAX:
$error = 'Syntax error, malformed JSON.';
break;
// PHP >= 5.3.3
case JSON_ERROR_UTF8:
$error = 'Malformed UTF-8 characters, possibly incorrectly encoded.';
break;
// PHP >= 5.5.0
case JSON_ERROR_RECURSION:
$error = 'One or more recursive references in the value to be encoded.';
break;
// PHP >= 5.5.0
case JSON_ERROR_INF_OR_NAN:
$error = 'One or more NAN or INF values in the value to be encoded.';
break;
case JSON_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE:
$error = 'A value of a type that cannot be encoded was given.';
break;
default:
$error = 'Unknown JSON error occured.';
break;
}
if ($error !== '') {
// throw the Exception or exit // or whatever :)
exit($error);
}
// everything is OK
return $result;
}
使用有效的JSON INPUT进行测试
$json = '[{"user_id":13,"username":"stack"},{"user_id":14,"username":"over"}]';
$output = json_validate($json);
print_r($output);
有效的输出
Array
(
[0] => stdClass Object
(
[user_id] => 13
[username] => stack
)
[1] => stdClass Object
(
[user_id] => 14
[username] => over
)
)
使用无效JSON进行测试
$json = '{background-color:yellow;color:#000;padding:10px;width:650px;}';
$output = json_validate($json);
print_r($output);
无效的输出
Syntax error, malformed JSON.
额外注意(PHP >= 5.2 && PHP < 5.3.0)
由于PHP 5.2中不支持json_last_error,因此可以检查编码或解码是否返回布尔值FALSE。这里有一个例子
// decode the JSON data
$result = json_decode($json);
if ($result === FALSE) {
// JSON is invalid
}
应该是这样的:
function isJson($string)
{
// 1. Speed up the checking & prevent exception throw when non string is passed
if (is_numeric($string) ||
!is_string($string) ||
!$string) {
return false;
}
$cleaned_str = trim($string);
if (!$cleaned_str || !in_array($cleaned_str[0], ['{', '['])) {
return false;
}
// 2. Actual checking
$str = json_decode($string);
return (json_last_error() == JSON_ERROR_NONE) && $str && $str != $string;
}
单元测试
public function testIsJson()
{
$non_json_values = [
"12",
0,
1,
12,
-1,
'',
null,
0.1,
'.',
"''",
true,
false,
[],
'""',
'[]',
' {',
' [',
];
$json_values = [
'{}',
'{"foo": "bar"}',
'[{}]',
' {}',
' {} '
];
foreach ($non_json_values as $non_json_value) {
$is_json = isJson($non_json_value);
$this->assertFalse($is_json);
}
foreach ($json_values as $json_value) {
$is_json = isJson($json_value);
$this->assertTrue($is_json);
}
}
使用json_decode“探测”它实际上可能不是最快的方法。如果它是一个嵌套很深的结构,那么实例化大量数组对象来丢弃它们是浪费内存和时间。
所以使用preg_match和RFC4627正则表达式来确保有效性可能会更快:
// in JS:
var my_JSON_object = !(/[^,:{}\[\]0-9.\-+Eaeflnr-u \n\r\t]/.test(
text.replace(/"(\\.|[^"\\])*"/g, '')));
在PHP中也一样:
return !preg_match('/[^,:{}\\[\\]0-9.\\-+Eaeflnr-u \\n\\r\\t]/',
preg_replace('/"(\\.|[^"\\\\])*"/', '', $json_string));
不过,我不是一个性能爱好者,不会在这里费心进行基准测试。
这就是我的建议
if (!in_array(substr($string, 0, 1), ['{', '[']) || !in_array(substr($string, -1), ['}', ']'])) {
return false;
} else {
json_decode($string);
return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
}
使用PHPBench和下面的类,得到了以下结果:
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
/**
* @Revs(1000)
* @Iterations(100)
*/
class BenchmarkJson
{
public function benchCatchValid(): bool
{
$validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
try {
json_decode($validJson, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
return true;
} catch(\JsonException $exception) {}
return false;
}
public function benchCatchInvalid(): bool
{
$invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
try {
json_decode($invalidJson, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
return true;
} catch(\JsonException $exception) {}
return false;
}
public function benchLastErrorValid(): bool
{
$validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
json_decode($validJson, true);
return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
}
public function benchLastErrorInvalid(): bool
{
$invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
json_decode($invalidJson, true);
return (json_last_error() === JSON_ERROR_NONE);
}
public function benchNullValid(): bool
{
$validJson = '{"validJson":true}';
return (json_decode($validJson, true) !== null);
}
public function benchNullInvalid(): bool
{
$invalidJson = '{"invalidJson"';
return (json_decode($invalidJson, true) !== null);
}
}
6 subjects, 600 iterations, 6,000 revs, 0 rejects, 0 failures, 0 warnings
(best [mean mode] worst) = 0.714 [1.203 1.175] 1.073 (μs)
⅀T: 721.504μs μSD/r 0.089μs μRSD/r: 7.270%
suite: 1343ab9a3590de6065bc0bc6eeb344c9f6eba642, date: 2020-01-21, stime: 12:50:14
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| benchmark | subject | set | revs | its | mem_peak | best | mean | mode | worst | stdev | rstdev | diff |
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+
| BenchmarkJson | benchCatchValid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,168b | 0.954μs | 1.032μs | 1.016μs | 1.428μs | 0.062μs | 6.04% | 1.33x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchCatchInvalid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 2.033μs | 2.228μs | 2.166μs | 3.001μs | 0.168μs | 7.55% | 2.88x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchLastErrorValid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 1.076μs | 1.195μs | 1.169μs | 1.616μs | 0.083μs | 6.97% | 1.54x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchLastErrorInvalid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 0.785μs | 0.861μs | 0.863μs | 1.132μs | 0.056μs | 6.54% | 1.11x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchNullValid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,168b | 0.985μs | 1.124μs | 1.077μs | 1.731μs | 0.114μs | 10.15% | 1.45x |
| BenchmarkJson | benchNullInvalid | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 2,980,184b | 0.714μs | 0.775μs | 0.759μs | 1.073μs | 0.049μs | 6.36% | 1.00x |
+---------------+-----------------------+-----+------+-----+------------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------+-------+
结论:检查json是否有效的最快方法是返回json_decode($json, true) !== null)。