我有一个具有Nullable DateOfBirth属性的Person对象。是否有一种方法可以使用LINQ来查询Person对象列表中最早/最小的DateOfBirth值?
这是我的开场白:
var firstBornDate = People.Min(p => p.DateOfBirth.GetValueOrDefault(DateTime.MaxValue));
Null DateOfBirth值被设置为DateTime。MaxValue，以便将它们排除在Min考虑之外(假设至少有一个具有指定的DOB)。
但是所有这些对我来说都是将firstBornDate设置为DateTime值。我想要的是与之匹配的Person对象。我是否需要像这样写第二个查询:
var firstBorn = People.Single(p=> (p.DateOfBirth ?? DateTime.MaxValue) == firstBornDate);
或者有没有更精简的方法?
当前回答
另一种实现，可以使用可空的选择器键，如果没有找到合适的元素，则对于引用类型集合返回null。 例如，这对处理数据库结果很有帮助。
public static class IEnumerableExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Returns the element with the maximum value of a selector function.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of the elements of source.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">An IEnumerable collection values to determine the element with the maximum value of.</param>
/// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract the key for each element.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">source or keySelector is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">source contains no elements.</exception>
/// <returns>The element in source with the maximum value of a selector function.</returns>
public static TSource MaxBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => MaxOrMinBy(source, keySelector, 1);
/// <summary>
/// Returns the element with the minimum value of a selector function.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of the elements of source.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">An IEnumerable collection values to determine the element with the minimum value of.</param>
/// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract the key for each element.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">source or keySelector is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">source contains no elements.</exception>
/// <returns>The element in source with the minimum value of a selector function.</returns>
public static TSource MinBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => MaxOrMinBy(source, keySelector, -1);
private static TSource MaxOrMinBy<TSource, TKey>
(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, int sign)
{
if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
if (keySelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(keySelector));
Comparer<TKey> comparer = Comparer<TKey>.Default;
TKey value = default(TKey);
TSource result = default(TSource);
bool hasValue = false;
foreach (TSource element in source)
{
TKey x = keySelector(element);
if (x != null)
{
if (!hasValue)
{
value = x;
result = element;
hasValue = true;
}
else if (sign * comparer.Compare(x, value) > 0)
{
value = x;
result = element;
}
}
}
if ((result != null) && !hasValue)
throw new InvalidOperationException("The source sequence is empty");
return result;
}
}
例子:
public class A
{
public int? a;
public A(int? a) { this.a = a; }
}
var b = a.MinBy(x => x.a);
var c = a.MaxBy(x => x.a);
其他回答
编辑:
对不起。除了错过了可空值之外，我看错了函数，
Min<(Of <(TSource, TResult>)>)(IEnumerable<(Of <(TSource>)>)， Func<(Of <(TSource, TResult>)>))确实返回你所说的结果类型。
我想说一个可能的解决方案是实现IComparable，并使用Min<(Of <(TSource>)>)(IEnumerable<(Of <(TSource>)>))，它确实从IEnumerable中返回一个元素。当然，如果不能修改元素，这也没有帮助。我觉得微软的设计有点奇怪。
当然，如果你需要的话，你总是可以做一个for循环，或者使用Jon Skeet给出的MoreLINQ实现。
People.Aggregate((curMin, x) => (curMin == null || (x.DateOfBirth ?? DateTime.MaxValue) <
curMin.DateOfBirth ? x : curMin))
所以你要求ArgMin或ArgMax。c#没有针对这些的内置API。
我一直在寻找一种干净高效(O(n) in time)的方法来做到这一点。我想我找到了一个:
这种模式的一般形式是:
var min = data.Select(x => (key(x), x)).Min().Item2;
^ ^ ^
the sorting key | take the associated original item
Min by key(.)
特别地，用原题中的例子:
对于支持value tuple的c# 7.0及以上版本:
var youngest = people.Select(p => (p.DateOfBirth, p)).Min().Item2;
对于7.0之前的c#版本，可以使用匿名类型:
var youngest = people.Select(p => new {age = p.DateOfBirth, ppl = p}).Min().ppl;
它们之所以有效，是因为value tuple和匿名类型都有合理的默认比较器:对于(x1, y1)和(x2, y2)，它首先比较x1 vs x2，然后比较y1 vs y2。这就是内置的. min可以用于这些类型的原因。
由于匿名类型和值元组都是值类型，它们应该都非常有效。
NOTE
在我上面的ArgMin实现中，为了简单明了，我假设DateOfBirth采用DateTime类型。原来的问题要求排除那些DateOfBirth字段为空的条目:
Null DateOfBirth值被设置为DateTime。MaxValue，以便将它们排除在Min考虑之外(假设至少有一个具有指定的DOB)。
它可以通过预过滤来实现
people.Where(p => p.DateOfBirth.HasValue)
因此，实现ArgMin或ArgMax的问题无关紧要。
注2
上面的方法需要注意的是，当有两个实例具有相同的最小值时，min()实现将尝试比较实例作为分分秒秒。然而，如果实例的类没有实现IComparable，则会抛出一个运行时错误:
至少有一个对象必须实现IComparable
幸运的是，这个问题仍然可以很干净地解决。其思想是将一个距离“ID”与每个条目关联起来，作为明确的分割线。我们可以为每个条目使用增量ID。还是以人的年龄为例:
var youngest = Enumerable.Range(0, int.MaxValue)
.Zip(people, (idx, ppl) => (ppl.DateOfBirth, idx, ppl)).Min().Item3;
另一种实现，可以使用可空的选择器键，如果没有找到合适的元素，则对于引用类型集合返回null。 例如，这对处理数据库结果很有帮助。
public static class IEnumerableExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Returns the element with the maximum value of a selector function.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of the elements of source.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">An IEnumerable collection values to determine the element with the maximum value of.</param>
/// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract the key for each element.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">source or keySelector is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">source contains no elements.</exception>
/// <returns>The element in source with the maximum value of a selector function.</returns>
public static TSource MaxBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => MaxOrMinBy(source, keySelector, 1);
/// <summary>
/// Returns the element with the minimum value of a selector function.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TSource">The type of the elements of source.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the key returned by keySelector.</typeparam>
/// <param name="source">An IEnumerable collection values to determine the element with the minimum value of.</param>
/// <param name="keySelector">A function to extract the key for each element.</param>
/// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">source or keySelector is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException">source contains no elements.</exception>
/// <returns>The element in source with the minimum value of a selector function.</returns>
public static TSource MinBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => MaxOrMinBy(source, keySelector, -1);
private static TSource MaxOrMinBy<TSource, TKey>
(IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, int sign)
{
if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source));
if (keySelector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(keySelector));
Comparer<TKey> comparer = Comparer<TKey>.Default;
TKey value = default(TKey);
TSource result = default(TSource);
bool hasValue = false;
foreach (TSource element in source)
{
TKey x = keySelector(element);
if (x != null)
{
if (!hasValue)
{
value = x;
result = element;
hasValue = true;
}
else if (sign * comparer.Compare(x, value) > 0)
{
value = x;
result = element;
}
}
}
if ((result != null) && !hasValue)
throw new InvalidOperationException("The source sequence is empty");
return result;
}
}
例子:
public class A
{
public int? a;
public A(int? a) { this.a = a; }
}
var b = a.MinBy(x => x.a);
var c = a.MaxBy(x => x.a);
不幸的是，没有内置的方法来做到这一点，但它很容易为自己实现。以下是它的核心内容:
public static TSource MinBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
Func<TSource, TKey> selector)
{
return source.MinBy(selector, null);
}
public static TSource MinBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source,
Func<TSource, TKey> selector, IComparer<TKey> comparer)
{
if (source == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("source");
if (selector == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("selector");
comparer ??= Comparer<TKey>.Default;
using (var sourceIterator = source.GetEnumerator())
{
if (!sourceIterator.MoveNext())
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Sequence contains no elements");
}
var min = sourceIterator.Current;
var minKey = selector(min);
while (sourceIterator.MoveNext())
{
var candidate = sourceIterator.Current;
var candidateProjected = selector(candidate);
if (comparer.Compare(candidateProjected, minKey) < 0)
{
min = candidate;
minKey = candidateProjected;
}
}
return min;
}
}
使用示例:
var firstBorn = People.MinBy(p => p.DateOfBirth ?? DateTime.MaxValue);
请注意，如果序列为空，将抛出异常，如果有多个元素，则返回第一个具有最小值的元素。
或者，你也可以在MinBy.cs中使用MoreLINQ中的实现。(当然，有一个相应的MaxBy。)
通过包管理器控制台安装:
PM>安装包morelinq
