没有比这更好的方法了。Bash只知道写入标准输出的状态码(整数)和字符串。

您还可以捕获函数输出:

#!/bin/bash
function getSomeString() {
     echo "tadaa!"
}

return_var=$(getSomeString)
echo $return_var
# Alternative syntax:
return_var=`getSomeString`
echo $return_var

看起来很奇怪，但比使用全局变量更好。传递参数和往常一样，只是把它们放在大括号或反勾号内。

Bash模式返回标量和数组值对象:

定义

url_parse() { # parse 'url' into: 'url_host', 'url_port', ...
   local "$@" # inject caller 'url' argument in local scope
   local url_host="..." url_path="..." # calculate 'url_*' components
   declare -p ${!url_*} # return only 'url_*' object fields to the caller
}

调用

main() { # invoke url parser and inject 'url_*' results in local scope
   eval "$(url_parse url=http://host/path)" # parse 'url'
   echo "host=$url_host path=$url_path" # use 'url_*' components
}

你拥有它的方式是在不破坏范围的情况下做到这一点的唯一方法。Bash没有返回类型的概念，只有退出码和文件描述符(stdin/out/err等)。

虽然有很多很好的答案，但它们都不是我想要的方式。下面是我的解决方案，要点如下:

帮助健忘的程序员

至少我会努力记住错误检查之后，像这样:

允许用换行字符\n赋值

有些解决方案不允许这样做，因为有些解决方案忘记了要赋值周围的单引号。正确的方法:eval "${returnVariable}='${value}'"或者更好:参见下面的下一点。

使用printf代替eval

只需尝试使用类似myFunction "date && var2"的东西来解决这里的一些假定的解决方案。Eval会执行给它的任何东西。我只想分配值，所以我使用printf -v "${returnVariable}" "%s" "${value}"代替。

对变量名冲突的封装和保护

如果一个不同的用户或至少是对函数了解较少的人(这可能是几个月后的我)正在使用myFunction，我不希望他们知道他必须使用全局返回值名称或禁止使用某些变量名称。这就是为什么我在myFunction的顶部添加了一个名称检查:

    if [[ "${1}" = "returnVariable" ]]; then
        echo "Cannot give the ouput to \"returnVariable\" as a variable with the same name is used in myFunction()!"
        echo "If that is still what you want to do please do that outside of myFunction()!"
        return 1
    fi

注意，如果你需要检查很多变量，这也可以放在函数本身中。 如果我仍然想使用相同的名称(这里:returnVariable)，我只是创建了一个缓冲变量，给myFunction，然后复制值returnVariable。

就是这样:

myFunction ():

myFunction() {
    if [[ "${1}" = "returnVariable" ]]; then
        echo "Cannot give the ouput to \"returnVariable\" as a variable with the same name is used in myFunction()!"
        echo "If that is still what you want to do please do that outside of myFunction()!"
        return 1
    fi
    if [[ "${1}" = "value" ]]; then
        echo "Cannot give the ouput to \"value\" as a variable with the same name is used in myFunction()!"
        echo "If that is still what you want to do please do that outside of myFunction()!"
        return 1
    fi
    local returnVariable="${1}"
    local value=$'===========\nHello World\n==========='
    echo "setting the returnVariable now..."
    printf -v "${returnVariable}" "%s" "${value}"
}

测试用例:

var1="I'm not greeting!"
myFunction var1
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && echo "myFunction(): SUCCESS" || echo "myFunction(): FAILURE"
printf "var1:\n%s\n" "${var1}"

# Output:
# setting the returnVariable now...
# myFunction(): SUCCESS
# var1:
# ===========
# Hello World
# ===========

returnVariable="I'm not greeting!"
myFunction returnVariable
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && echo "myFunction(): SUCCESS" || echo "myFunction(): FAILURE"
printf "returnVariable:\n%s\n" "${returnVariable}"

# Output
# Cannot give the ouput to "returnVariable" as a variable with the same name is used in myFunction()!
# If that is still what you want to do please do that outside of myFunction()!
# myFunction(): FAILURE
# returnVariable:
# I'm not greeting!

var2="I'm not greeting!"
myFunction "date && var2"
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && echo "myFunction(): SUCCESS" || echo "myFunction(): FAILURE"
printf "var2:\n%s\n" "${var2}"

# Output
# setting the returnVariable now...
# ...myFunction: line ..: printf: `date && var2': not a valid identifier
# myFunction(): FAILURE
# var2:
# I'm not greeting!

myFunction var3
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && echo "myFunction(): SUCCESS" || echo "myFunction(): FAILURE"
printf "var3:\n%s\n" "${var3}"

# Output
# setting the returnVariable now...
# myFunction(): SUCCESS
# var3:
# ===========
# Hello World
# ===========

像上面的bstpierre一样，我使用并推荐使用显式命名输出变量:

function some_func() # OUTVAR ARG1
{
   local _outvar=$1
   local _result # Use some naming convention to avoid OUTVARs to clash
   ... some processing ....
   eval $_outvar=\$_result # Instead of just =$_result
}

注意引用$的用法。这将避免将$result中的内容解释为shell特殊字符。我发现这比result=$(some_func "arg1")捕获回声的习惯用法快一个数量级。在MSYS上使用bash时，速度差异似乎更加显著，从函数调用中捕获标准输出几乎是灾难性的。

可以发送一个局部变量，因为局部变量在bash中是动态作用域的:

function another_func() # ARG
{
   local result
   some_func result "$1"
   echo result is $result
}