从图库中获取图像后，只需要在下面的方法中传递URI，仅适用于Android 4.4 (KitKat):

public String getPath(Uri contentUri) {// Will return "image:x*"

    String wholeID = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(contentUri);

    // Split at colon, use second item in the array
    String id = wholeID.split(":")[1];

    String[] column = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };

    // Where id is equal to
    String sel = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, column, sel,
            new String[] { id }, null);

    String filePath = "";

    int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(column[0]);

    if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
    }

    cursor.close();
    return filePath;
}

现有的很好的答案，其中一些是我自己想出来的:

我必须从URI中获取路径，并从路径中获取URI，谷歌很难区分，因此对于任何有相同问题的人(例如，从MediaStore中获取视频的缩略图，其物理位置您已经拥有)。前:

/**
 * Gets the corresponding path to a file from the given content:// URI
 * @param selectedVideoUri The content:// URI to find the file path from
 * @param contentResolver The content resolver to use to perform the query.
 * @return the file path as a string
 */
private String getFilePathFromContentUri(Uri selectedVideoUri,
        ContentResolver contentResolver) {
    String filePath;
    String[] filePathColumn = {MediaColumns.DATA};

    Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(selectedVideoUri, filePathColumn, null, null, null);
    cursor.moveToFirst();

    int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]);
    filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
    cursor.close();
    return filePath;
}

后者(我用于视频，但也可以用于音频或文件或其他类型的存储内容，通过替换MediaStore。音频(等)MediaStore.Video):

/**
 * Gets the MediaStore video ID of a given file on external storage
 * @param filePath The path (on external storage) of the file to resolve the ID of
 * @param contentResolver The content resolver to use to perform the query.
 * @return the video ID as a long
 */
private long getVideoIdFromFilePath(String filePath,
        ContentResolver contentResolver) {


    long videoId;
    Log.d(TAG,"Loading file " + filePath);

            // This returns us content://media/external/videos/media (or something like that)
            // I pass in "external" because that's the MediaStore's name for the external
            // storage on my device (the other possibility is "internal")
    Uri videosUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.getContentUri("external");

    Log.d(TAG,"videosUri = " + videosUri.toString());

    String[] projection = {MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns._ID};

    // TODO This will break if we have no matching item in the MediaStore.
    Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(videosUri, projection, MediaStore.Video.VideoColumns.DATA + " LIKE ?", new String[] { filePath }, null);
    cursor.moveToFirst();

    int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(projection[0]);
    videoId = cursor.getLong(columnIndex);

    Log.d(TAG,"Video ID is " + videoId);
    cursor.close();
    return videoId;
}

基本上，MediaStore的DATA列(或正在查询的任何子部分)存储文件路径，因此您可以使用已知的内容查找DATA字段，也可以使用该字段查找所需的任何其他内容。

然后，我进一步使用上述方案来确定如何处理我的数据:

 private boolean  getSelectedVideo(Intent imageReturnedIntent, boolean fromData) {

    Uri selectedVideoUri;

    //Selected image returned from another activity
            // A parameter I pass myself to know whether or not I'm being "shared via" or
            // whether I'm working internally to my app (fromData = working internally)
    if(fromData){
        selectedVideoUri = imageReturnedIntent.getData();
    } else {
        //Selected image returned from SEND intent 
                    // which I register to receive in my manifest
                    // (so people can "share via" my app)
        selectedVideoUri = (Uri)getIntent().getExtras().get(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM);
    }

    Log.d(TAG,"SelectedVideoUri = " + selectedVideoUri);

    String filePath;

    String scheme = selectedVideoUri.getScheme(); 
    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();
    long videoId;

    // If we are sent file://something or content://org.openintents.filemanager/mimetype/something...
    if(scheme.equals("file") || (scheme.equals("content") && selectedVideoUri.getEncodedAuthority().equals("org.openintents.filemanager"))){

        // Get the path
        filePath = selectedVideoUri.getPath();

        // Trim the path if necessary
        // openintents filemanager returns content://org.openintents.filemanager/mimetype//mnt/sdcard/xxxx.mp4
        if(filePath.startsWith("/mimetype/")){
            String trimmedFilePath = filePath.substring("/mimetype/".length());
            filePath = trimmedFilePath.substring(trimmedFilePath.indexOf("/"));
        }

        // Get the video ID from the path
        videoId = getVideoIdFromFilePath(filePath, contentResolver);

    } else if(scheme.equals("content")){

        // If we are given another content:// URI, look it up in the media provider
        videoId = Long.valueOf(selectedVideoUri.getLastPathSegment());
        filePath = getFilePathFromContentUri(selectedVideoUri, contentResolver);

    } else {
        Log.d(TAG,"Failed to load URI " + selectedVideoUri.toString());
        return false;
    }

     return true;
 }

  public String getPath(Uri uri) {
    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
    cursor.moveToFirst();
    String document_id = cursor.getString(0);
    document_id = document_id.substring(document_id.lastIndexOf(":") + 1);
    cursor.close();

    cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
            null, MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + " = ? ", new String[]{document_id}, null);
    cursor.moveToFirst();
    String path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
    cursor.close();

    return path;
}

将文件URI转换为字符串filePath的完美工作方法

这个解决方案适用于所有情况:

在某些情况下，从URL中获取路径太难了。那你为什么需要路径?把文件复制到其他地方?你不需要路径。

public void SavePhotoUri (Uri imageuri, String Filename){

    File FilePath = context.getDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES,Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    try {
        Bitmap selectedImage = MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(context.getContentResolver(), imageuri);
        String destinationImagePath = FilePath + "/" + Filename;
        FileOutputStream destination = new FileOutputStream(destinationImagePath);
        selectedImage.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, destination);
        destination.close();
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e("error", e.toString());
    }
}

这里您可以得到文件的名称

String[] projection = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
                    Uri uri = data.getData();
                    String fileName = null;
                    ContentResolver cr = getActivity().getApplicationContext().getContentResolver();

                    Cursor metaCursor = cr.query(uri,
                            projection, null, null, null);
                    if (metaCursor != null) {
                        try {
                            if (metaCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                                fileName = metaCursor.getString(0);
                            }
                        } finally {
                            metaCursor.close();
                        }
                    }

作为一个附加组件，如果在尝试打开输入流之前需要查看文件是否存在，可以使用DocumentsContract。

(Kotlin代码)

var iStream = null
if(DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context,myUri)) {
   val pfd: ParcelFileDescriptor? = context.contentResolver.openFileDescriptor(
            myUri, "r") ?: return null
   iStream = ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(pfd)
}