权限

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
  <uses-permission 
   android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

使用HttpURLConnection

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class DownloadFileUseHttpURLConnection extends Activity {

ProgressBar pb;
Dialog dialog;
int downloadedSize = 0;
int totalSize = 0;
TextView cur_val;
String dwnload_file_path =  
"http://coderzheaven.com/sample_folder/sample_file.png";
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    Button b = (Button) findViewById(R.id.b1);
    b.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
             showProgress(dwnload_file_path);

                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                         downloadFile();
                    }
                  }).start();
        }
    });
}

void downloadFile(){

    try {
        URL url = new URL(dwnload_file_path);
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)   
 url.openConnection();

        urlConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
        urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);

        //connect
        urlConnection.connect();

        //set the path where we want to save the file           
        File SDCardRoot = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); 
        //create a new file, to save the downloaded file 
        File file = new File(SDCardRoot,"downloaded_file.png");

        FileOutputStream fileOutput = new FileOutputStream(file);

        //Stream used for reading the data from the internet
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        //this is the total size of the file which we are downloading
        totalSize = urlConnection.getContentLength();

        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                pb.setMax(totalSize);
            }               
        });

        //create a buffer...
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bufferLength = 0;

        while ( (bufferLength = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0 ) {
            fileOutput.write(buffer, 0, bufferLength);
            downloadedSize += bufferLength;
            // update the progressbar //
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    pb.setProgress(downloadedSize);
                    float per = ((float)downloadedSize/totalSize) *     
                    100;
                    cur_val.setText("Downloaded " + downloadedSize +  

                    "KB / " + totalSize + "KB (" + (int)per + "%)" );
                }
            });
        }
        //close the output stream when complete //
        fileOutput.close();
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                // pb.dismiss(); // if you want close it..
            }
        });         

    } catch (final MalformedURLException e) {
        showError("Error : MalformedURLException " + e);        
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (final IOException e) {
        showError("Error : IOException " + e);          
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    catch (final Exception e) {
        showError("Error : Please check your internet connection " +  
e);
    }       
}

void showError(final String err){
    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            Toast.makeText(DownloadFileDemo1.this, err,  
      Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }
    });
}

void showProgress(String file_path){
    dialog = new Dialog(DownloadFileDemo1.this);
    dialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
    dialog.setContentView(R.layout.myprogressdialog);
    dialog.setTitle("Download Progress");

    TextView text = (TextView) dialog.findViewById(R.id.tv1);
    text.setText("Downloading file from ... " + file_path);
    cur_val = (TextView) dialog.findViewById(R.id.cur_pg_tv);
    cur_val.setText("Starting download...");
    dialog.show();

     pb = (ProgressBar)dialog.findViewById(R.id.progress_bar);
     pb.setProgress(0);
            pb.setProgressDrawable(
      getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.green_progress));  
  }
}

不要忘记用新文件("/mnt/sdcard/…")替换"/sdcard…"，否则你会得到一个FileNotFoundException

我个人的建议是使用进度对话框并在执行前进行构建，或者在OnPreExecute()上初始化，如果你使用进度对话框的水平风格的进度条，则经常发布进度。剩下的部分是优化doInBackground的算法。

当我开始学习android开发时，我知道ProgressDialog是正确的方法。ProgressDialog的setProgress方法可以在下载文件时调用它来更新进度级别。

我在许多应用程序中看到的最好的情况是，它们自定义了进度对话框的属性，使进度对话框的外观和感觉比库存版本更好。很好地保持用户的一些动画，如青蛙，大象或可爱的猫/小狗。任何有进度对话框的动画都能吸引用户，他们不喜欢长时间等待。

您可以使用LiveData和协程观察下载管理器的进度，参见下面的要点

https://gist.github.com/FhdAlotaibi/678eb1f4fa94475daf74ac491874fc0e

data class DownloadItem(val bytesDownloadedSoFar: Long = -1, val totalSizeBytes: Long = -1, val status: Int)

class DownloadProgressLiveData(private val application: Application, private val requestId: Long) : LiveData<DownloadItem>(), CoroutineScope {

    private val downloadManager by lazy {
        application.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE) as DownloadManager
    }

    private val job = Job()

    override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
        get() = Dispatchers.IO + job

    override fun onActive() {
        super.onActive()
        launch {
            while (isActive) {
                val query = DownloadManager.Query().setFilterById(requestId)
                val cursor = downloadManager.query(query)
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    val status = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS))
                    Timber.d("Status $status")
                    when (status) {
                        DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL,
                        DownloadManager.STATUS_PENDING,
                        DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED,
                        DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED -> postValue(DownloadItem(status = status))
                        else -> {
                            val bytesDownloadedSoFar = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_BYTES_DOWNLOADED_SO_FAR))
                            val totalSizeBytes = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_TOTAL_SIZE_BYTES))
                            postValue(DownloadItem(bytesDownloadedSoFar.toLong(), totalSizeBytes.toLong(), status))
                        }
                    }
                    if (status == DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL || status == DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED)
                        cancel()
                } else {
                    postValue(DownloadItem(status = DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED))
                    cancel()
                }
                cursor.close()
                delay(300)
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onInactive() {
        super.onInactive()
        job.cancel()
    }

}

重要的

AsyncTask在Android 11中已弃用。

欲了解更多信息，请查看以下帖子

Android AsyncTask API在Android 11中已弃用。有什么替代方案? https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/AsyncTask

可能应该移动到谷歌建议的并发框架