def merge_with(f, xs, ys):
    xs = a_copy_of(xs) # dict(xs), maybe generalizable?
    for (y, v) in ys.iteritems():
        xs[y] = v if y not in xs else f(xs[x], v)

merge_with((lambda x, y: x + y), A, B)

你可以很容易地概括如下:

def merge_dicts(f, *dicts):
    result = {}
    for d in dicts:
        for (k, v) in d.iteritems():
            result[k] = v if k not in result else f(result[k], v)

然后它可以取任意数量的字典。

没有额外进口的那个!

它们是一种python标准，叫做EAFP(请求原谅比请求许可更容易)。下面的代码基于该python标准。

# The A and B dictionaries
A = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
B = {'b': 3, 'c': 4, 'd': 5}

# The final dictionary. Will contain the final outputs.
newdict = {}

# Make sure every key of A and B get into the final dictionary 'newdict'.
newdict.update(A)
newdict.update(B)

# Iterate through each key of A.
for i in A.keys():

    # If same key exist on B, its values from A and B will add together and
    # get included in the final dictionary 'newdict'.
    try:
        addition = A[i] + B[i]
        newdict[i] = addition

    # If current key does not exist in dictionary B, it will give a KeyError,
    # catch it and continue looping.
    except KeyError:
        continue

编辑:感谢jerzyk提出的改进建议。

要获得更通用和可扩展的方法，请检查mergedict。它使用singledispatch，并可以根据类型合并值。

例子:

from mergedict import MergeDict

class SumDict(MergeDict):
    @MergeDict.dispatch(int)
    def merge_int(this, other):
        return this + other

d2 = SumDict({'a': 1, 'b': 'one'})
d2.merge({'a':2, 'b': 'two'})

assert d2 == {'a': 3, 'b': 'two'}

使用集合。计数器:

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> A = Counter({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3})
>>> B = Counter({'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':5})
>>> A + B
Counter({'c': 7, 'b': 5, 'd': 5, 'a': 1})

计数器基本上是dict的一个子类，因此您仍然可以使用它们执行通常使用该类型执行的所有其他操作，例如遍历它们的键和值。

myDict = {}
for k in itertools.chain(A.keys(), B.keys()):
    myDict[k] = A.get(k, 0)+B.get(k, 0)

这是合并两个字典的简单解决方案，其中+=可以应用于值，它只需要在字典上迭代一次

a = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}

dicts = [{'b':3, 'c':4, 'd':5},
         {'c':9, 'a':9, 'd':9}]

def merge_dicts(merged,mergedfrom):
    for k,v in mergedfrom.items():
        if k in merged:
            merged[k] += v
        else:
            merged[k] = v
    return merged

for dct in dicts:
    a = merge_dicts(a,dct)
print (a)
#{'c': 16, 'b': 5, 'd': 14, 'a': 10}