在Visual Studio 2017中，我必须结束这些过程:

Visual Studio 2017 TFS电动工具外壳扩展

然后我可以启动VS2017。

尝试检查任务管理器并杀死任何与Visual Studio相关的进程(任何版本)。

更新: 正如许多人在评论中提到的，最好等一段时间，直到这些过程自己结束

在我的案例中，Visual Studio在没有询问任何确认或显示警告的情况下自动关闭。

不要停止这个过程。等待5到10分钟。Visual studio将自动启动。

它是扩展自动更新处理正在运行。你可以杀死他们或等待他们完成(推荐)

很可能Visual Studio正在更新，就像错误消息暗示的那样，如果你等待几分钟更新完成，你应该能够再次运行Visual Studio而没有问题。

If the problem persists or if you're just curious, open up your task manager and see if there is anything related to (Microsoft) Visual Studio running but don't just kill the process. Check instead if the process is using any resources - if it has a high I/O count, then it's actually updating and you should let it do its thing. If CPU-usage and memory usage remain mostly constant and there is no disk activity for the process for several minutes, this could mean that the process is stuck. You might have to kill it, but proceed with caution. Hopefully if this is an update for Visual Studio, the process name should include a version number or some sort of indication of what kind of update is being applied that you can use to search for more information through a search engine or through Microsoft's online resources.

进入任务管理器，结束VS Auto Update任务。它会工作得很好。