objective - c

NSError *err = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"some_domain"
                                   code:100
                               userInfo:@{
                                           NSLocalizedDescriptionKey:@"Something went wrong"
                               }];

斯威夫特3

let error = NSError(domain: "some_domain",
                      code: 100,
                  userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Something went wrong"])

答得好，亚历克斯。一个潜在的问题是NULL解引用。Apple关于创建和返回NSError对象的参考

...
[details setValue:@"ran out of money" forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey];

if (error != NULL) {
    // populate the error object with the details
    *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"world" code:200 userInfo:details];
}
// we couldn't feed the world's children...return nil..sniffle...sniffle
return nil;
...

objective - c

NSError *err = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"some_domain"
                                   code:100
                               userInfo:@{
                                           NSLocalizedDescriptionKey:@"Something went wrong"
                               }];

斯威夫特3

let error = NSError(domain: "some_domain",
                      code: 100,
                  userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Something went wrong"])

我将尝试总结Alex的伟大回答和jlmendezbonini的观点，添加一个修改，使所有内容都与ARC兼容(到目前为止，它不是因为ARC会抱怨，因为你应该返回id，这意味着“任何对象”，但BOOL不是对象类型)。

- (BOOL) endWorldHunger:(id)largeAmountsOfMonies error:(NSError**)error {
    // begin feeding the world's children...
    // it's all going well until....
    if (ohNoImOutOfMonies) {
        // sad, we can't solve world hunger, but we can let people know what went wrong!
        // init dictionary to be used to populate error object
        NSMutableDictionary* details = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        [details setValue:@"ran out of money" forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey];
        // populate the error object with the details
        if (error != NULL) {
             // populate the error object with the details
             *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"world" code:200 userInfo:details];
        }
        // we couldn't feed the world's children...return nil..sniffle...sniffle
        return NO;
    }
    // wohoo! We fed the world's children. The world is now in lots of debt. But who cares? 
    return YES;
}

现在，我们不再检查方法调用的返回值，而是检查error是否仍然为nil。如果不是，我们就有麻烦了。

// initialize NSError object
NSError* error = nil;
// try to feed the world
BOOL success = [self endWorldHunger:smallAmountsOfMonies error:&error];
if (!success) {
   // inspect error
   NSLog(@"%@", [error localizedDescription]);
}
// otherwise the world has been fed. Wow, your code must rock.

好吧，我通常做的是让我的方法在运行时可以error-out引用一个NSError指针。如果在该方法中确实出现了错误，我可以用错误数据填充NSError引用，并从该方法返回nil。

例子:

- (id) endWorldHunger:(id)largeAmountsOfMonies error:(NSError**)error {
    // begin feeding the world's children...
    // it's all going well until....
    if (ohNoImOutOfMonies) {
        // sad, we can't solve world hunger, but we can let people know what went wrong!
        // init dictionary to be used to populate error object
        NSMutableDictionary* details = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
        [details setValue:@"ran out of money" forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey];
        // populate the error object with the details
        *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"world" code:200 userInfo:details];
        // we couldn't feed the world's children...return nil..sniffle...sniffle
        return nil;
    }
    // wohoo! We fed the world's children. The world is now in lots of debt. But who cares? 
    return YES;
}

我们可以这样使用这个方法。除非该方法返回nil，否则不要检查错误对象:

// initialize NSError object
NSError* error = nil;
// try to feed the world
id yayOrNay = [self endWorldHunger:smallAmountsOfMonies error:&error];
if (!yayOrNay) {
   // inspect error
   NSLog(@"%@", [error localizedDescription]);
}
// otherwise the world has been fed. Wow, your code must rock.

我们能够访问错误的localizedDescription，因为我们为NSLocalizedDescriptionKey设置了一个值。

了解更多信息的最好地方是苹果的文档。它真的很好。

还有一个关于可可是我女朋友的简单教程。

这有点超出了问题范围，但如果你没有NSError选项，你可以总是显示低级别错误:

 NSLog(@"Error = %@ ",[NSString stringWithUTF8String:strerror(errno)]);