来自Java学习者:

When an exception occurs, you have to either catch and handle the exception, or tell compiler that you can't handle it by declaring that your method throws that exception, then the code that uses your method will have to handle that exception (even it also may choose to declare that it throws the exception if it can't handle it). Compiler will check that we have done one of the two things (catch, or declare). So these are called Checked exceptions. But Errors, and Runtime Exceptions are not checked for by compiler (even though you can choose to catch, or declare, it is not required). So, these two are called Unchecked exceptions. Errors are used to represent those conditions which occur outside the application, such as crash of the system. Runtime exceptions are usually occur by fault in the application logic. You can't do anything in these situations. When runtime exception occur, you have to re-write your program code. So, these are not checked by compiler. These runtime exceptions will uncover in development, and testing period. Then we have to refactor our code to remove these errors.

我使用的规则是:永远不要使用未经检查的异常!(或者当你看不到任何方法的时候)

从使用您的库的开发人员或使用您的库/应用程序的最终用户的角度来看，遇到由于不应出现的异常而导致应用程序崩溃的情况真的很糟糕。指望包罗万象也不行。

通过这种方式，最终用户仍然可以看到错误消息，而不是应用程序完全消失。

来自Java学习者:

When an exception occurs, you have to either catch and handle the exception, or tell compiler that you can't handle it by declaring that your method throws that exception, then the code that uses your method will have to handle that exception (even it also may choose to declare that it throws the exception if it can't handle it). Compiler will check that we have done one of the two things (catch, or declare). So these are called Checked exceptions. But Errors, and Runtime Exceptions are not checked for by compiler (even though you can choose to catch, or declare, it is not required). So, these two are called Unchecked exceptions. Errors are used to represent those conditions which occur outside the application, such as crash of the system. Runtime exceptions are usually occur by fault in the application logic. You can't do anything in these situations. When runtime exception occur, you have to re-write your program code. So, these are not checked by compiler. These runtime exceptions will uncover in development, and testing period. Then we have to refactor our code to remove these errors.

我同意将未检查异常作为规则的偏好，特别是在设计API时。调用方总是可以选择捕获记录在案的、未检查的异常。你只是没有必要强迫打电话的人。

I find checked exceptions useful at the lower-level, as implementation detail. It often seems like a better flow of control mechanism than having to manage a specified error "return code". It can sometimes help see the impact of an idea for a low level code change too... declare a checked exception downstream and see who would need to adjust. This last point doesn't apply if there are a lot of generic: catch(Exception e) or throws Exception which is usually not too well-thought out anyway.

检查例外: 如果客户端可以从异常中恢复，并希望继续，请使用受控异常。

未经检查的异常: 如果客户端在异常发生后不能做任何事情，则引发未检查的异常。

示例:如果您希望在方法a()中执行算术操作，并且基于a()的输出，则必须执行另一个操作。如果方法A()的输出为空，而您在运行时并不期望它，那么您将抛出空指针异常，即运行时异常。

请参考这里

我认为我们可以从以下几个问题来考虑例外:

为什么会发生异常?当它发生时我们能做什么

一个错误，一个bug。如方法调用空对象。

String name = null;
... // some logics
System.out.print(name.length()); // name is still null here

这种异常应该在测试期间修复。否则，它会破坏生产，你会得到一个非常严重的bug，需要立即修复。这种异常不需要检查。

通过来自外部的输入，您不能控制或信任外部服务的输出。

String name = ExternalService.getName(); // return null
System.out.print(name.length());    // name is null here

在这里，如果您希望在名称为空时继续，则可能需要检查名称是否为空，否则，您可以让它单独运行，它将在这里停止并向调用者提供运行时异常。 这种异常不需要检查。

通过来自外部的运行时异常，您不能控制或信任外部服务。

在这里，如果您希望在发生异常时继续执行，则可能需要从ExternalService捕获所有异常，否则，您可以不去管它，它将在这里停止并向调用者提供运行时异常。

通过来自外部的受控异常，您不能控制或信任外部服务。

在这里，如果您希望在发生异常时继续执行，则可能需要从ExternalService捕获所有异常，否则，您可以不去管它，它将在这里停止并向调用者提供运行时异常。

在这种情况下，我们需要知道ExternalService中发生了什么样的异常吗?这取决于:

如果您可以处理某些类型的异常，则需要捕获它们并进行处理。对其他人来说，泡一下。 如果您需要记录或响应用户特定的异常，您可以捕获它们。对其他人来说，泡一下。