下面是一个简短的函数，它保证会拉动进程。将Env值作为字符串—或以其他方式抛出错误。

对于更强大(但也更大)的东西，这里的其他人建议使用env-var。

/**
 * Returns value stored in environment variable with the given `name`.
 * Throws Error if no such variable or if variable undefined; thus ensuring type-safety.
 * @param name - name of variable to fetch from this process's environment.
 */
export function env(name: string): string {
  const value = process.env[name];

  if (!value) {
    throw new Error(`Missing: process.env['${name}'].`);
  }

  return value;
}

然后你应该能够编写如下代码:

let currentEnvironment: string;
currentEnvironment = env('NODE_ENV');

您可以为此使用类型断言

Sometimes you’ll end up in a situation where you’ll know more about a value than TypeScript does. Usually this will happen when you know the type of some entity could be more specific than its current type. Type assertions are a way to tell the compiler “trust me, I know what I’m doing.” A type assertion is like a type cast in other languages, but performs no special checking or restructuring of data. It has no runtime impact, and is used purely by the compiler. TypeScript assumes that you, the programmer, have performed any special checks that you need.

例子

const nodeEnv: string = (process.env.NODE_ENV as string);
console.log(nodeEnv);

或者，您可能会发现像env-var这样的库更适合这个特定的目的——

在node.js中使用正确类型加载和清除环境变量的解决方案

我写了一个模块来简化它。它没有依赖关系，所以是相当轻量级的。它也适用于dotenv，您可以传递一个自定义进程。Env到Env .from函数，如果需要的话。

在一些回答中已经提到了它，但这里有一个例子:

使用yarn/npm安装:

npm install env-var --save

然后读取变量:

import * as env from 'env-var'

// Read NODE_ENV and verify that:
// 1) it is set using the required() function
// 2) it is either 'dev' or 'prod'
// 3) throw a runtime exception if conditions #1 or #2 fail
const environment = env.get('NODE_ENV').required().asEnum(['dev', 'prod'])

// Intellisense will suggest 'dev' or 'prod'
if (environment === 'dev') {
  console.log('yep, this is dev')
} else {
  console.log('looks like this is prod')
}

或另一个:

import { get } from 'env-var'

// Read the GitHub token. It could be undefined
const githubToken = get('GITHUB_TOKEN').asString()

// Read MAX_CONCURRENCY, or default to 5. Throw an error if it's
// not set to a positive integer value
const concurrencyLimit = get('MAX_CONCURRENCY').default(5).asIntPositive()

function callGitApi (token: string, concurrency: number) { /* implementation */ }

// TS Error: Argument of type 'string | undefined' is not assignable to
// parameter of type 'string'.
callGitApi(githubToken, concurrencyLimit)

我知道这将帮助一些人搜索这个，不能找到简单的答案，为什么你的过程。Env变量让你的编译器抱怨:

安装@types /节点:

npm i @types/node

然后当你将env作为字符串包含时，这样做:

process.env.YOUR_ENV ?? ''

双问号允许您检查null/undefined。

对于任何来这里寻找Create React App项目答案的人，你的变量名应该以REACT_APP_开头

更多信息请点击:https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/adding-custom-environment-variables

对我有用的是，无论我想在哪里使用过程。我首先导入dotenv并在它上面调用config()。另外，记得附加!最后，确保在.env文件中定义了该属性

从'dotenv'导入dotenv; dotenv.config (); export const YOUR_ATTRIBUTE = process.env.YOUR_ATTRIBUTE!;