我正在做一些SQL选择查询,并希望将我的UTC日期时间列转换为本地时间,以便在我的查询结果中显示为本地时间。注意,我不希望通过代码进行这种转换,而是当我对我的数据库进行手动和随机SQL查询时。
当前回答
下面的版本考虑了夏令时、UTC抵消,并且没有锁定到特定的年份。
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--Name: udfToLocalTime.sql
--Purpose: To convert UTC to local US time accounting for DST
--Author: Patrick Slesicki
--Date: 3/25/2014
--Notes: Works on SQL Server 2008R2 and later, maybe SQL Server 2008 as well.
-- Good only for US States observing the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
-- Function doesn't apply for years prior to 2007.
-- Function assumes that the 1st day of the week is Sunday.
--Tests:
-- SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-03-09 9:00', DEFAULT)
-- SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-03-09 10:00', DEFAULT)
-- SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-11-02 8:00', DEFAULT)
-- SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-11-02 9:00', DEFAULT)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER FUNCTION udfToLocalTime
(
@UtcDateTime AS DATETIME
,@UtcOffset AS INT = -8 --PST
)
RETURNS DATETIME
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
@PstDateTime AS DATETIME
,@Year AS CHAR(4)
,@DstStart AS DATETIME
,@DstEnd AS DATETIME
,@Mar1 AS DATETIME
,@Nov1 AS DATETIME
,@MarTime AS TIME
,@NovTime AS TIME
,@Mar1Day AS INT
,@Nov1Day AS INT
,@MarDiff AS INT
,@NovDiff AS INT
SELECT
@Year = YEAR(@UtcDateTime)
,@MarTime = CONVERT(TIME, DATEADD(HOUR, -@UtcOffset, '1900-01-01 02:00'))
,@NovTime = CONVERT(TIME, DATEADD(HOUR, -@UtcOffset - 1, '1900-01-01 02:00'))
,@Mar1 = CONVERT(CHAR(16), @Year + '-03-01 ' + CONVERT(CHAR(5), @MarTime), 126)
,@Nov1 = CONVERT(CHAR(16), @Year + '-11-01 ' + CONVERT(CHAR(5), @NovTime), 126)
,@Mar1Day = DATEPART(WEEKDAY, @Mar1)
,@Nov1Day = DATEPART(WEEKDAY, @Nov1)
--Get number of days between Mar 1 and DST start date
IF @Mar1Day = 1 SET @MarDiff = 7
ELSE SET @MarDiff = 15 - @Mar1Day
--Get number of days between Nov 1 and DST end date
IF @Nov1Day = 1 SET @NovDiff = 0
ELSE SET @NovDiff = 8 - @Nov1Day
--Get DST start and end dates
SELECT
@DstStart = DATEADD(DAY, @MarDiff, @Mar1)
,@DstEnd = DATEADD(DAY, @NovDiff, @Nov1)
--Change UTC offset if @UtcDateTime is in DST Range
IF @UtcDateTime >= @DstStart AND @UtcDateTime < @DstEnd SET @UtcOffset = @UtcOffset + 1
--Get Conversion
SET @PstDateTime = DATEADD(HOUR, @UtcOffset, @UtcDateTime)
RETURN @PstDateTime
END
GO
其他回答
这些对我来说都没用,但下面这个100%有效。希望这能帮助其他像我一样尝试转换它的人。
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_UTC_to_EST]
(
@UTC datetime,
@StandardOffset int
)
RETURNS datetime
AS
BEGIN
declare
@DST datetime,
@SSM datetime, -- Second Sunday in March
@FSN datetime -- First Sunday in November
-- get DST Range
set @SSM = DATEADD(dd,7 + (6-(DATEDIFF(dd,0,DATEADD(mm,(YEAR(GETDATE())-1900) * 12 + 2,0))%7)),DATEADD(mm,(YEAR(GETDATE())-1900) * 12 + 2,0))+'02:00:00'
set @FSN = DATEADD(dd, (6-(DATEDIFF(dd,0,DATEADD(mm,(YEAR(GETDATE())-1900) * 12 + 10,0))%7)),DATEADD(mm,(YEAR(GETDATE())-1900) * 12 + 10,0)) +'02:00:00'
-- add an hour to @StandardOffset if @UTC is in DST range
if @UTC between @SSM and @FSN
set @StandardOffset = @StandardOffset + 1
-- convert to DST
set @DST = dateadd(hour,@StandardOffset,@UTC)
-- return converted datetime
return @DST
END
罗恩的回答有一个错误。它使用当地时间凌晨2:00,其中需要UTC等效值。我没有足够的声望分数来评论Ron的回答,所以更正版本如下:
-- =============================================
-- Author: Ron Smith
-- Create date: 2013-10-23
-- Description: Converts UTC to DST
-- based on passed Standard offset
-- =============================================
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_UTC_to_DST]
(
@UTC datetime,
@StandardOffset int
)
RETURNS datetime
AS
BEGIN
declare
@DST datetime,
@SSM datetime, -- Second Sunday in March
@FSN datetime -- First Sunday in November
-- get DST Range
set @SSM = datename(year,@UTC) + '0314'
set @SSM = dateadd(hour,2 - @StandardOffset,dateadd(day,datepart(dw,@SSM)*-1+1,@SSM))
set @FSN = datename(year,@UTC) + '1107'
set @FSN = dateadd(second,-1,dateadd(hour,2 - (@StandardOffset + 1),dateadd(day,datepart(dw,@FSN)*-1+1,@FSN)))
-- add an hour to @StandardOffset if @UTC is in DST range
if @UTC between @SSM and @FSN
set @StandardOffset = @StandardOffset + 1
-- convert to DST
set @DST = dateadd(hour,@StandardOffset,@UTC)
-- return converted datetime
return @DST
END
作为一个警告-如果你要使用以下(注意毫秒而不是分钟):
SELECT DATEADD(ms, DATEDIFF(ms, GETUTCDATE(), GETDATE()), MyTable.UtcColumn)
AS ColumnInLocalTime
FROM MyTable
请记住,DATEDIFF部分并不总是返回相同的数字。所以不要用它来将DateTimes精确到毫秒。
这样就可以获得与夏令时同步的服务器时间
declare @dt datetime
set @dt = getutcdate() -- GMT equivalent
sysdatetimeoffset会考虑夏令时
select [InputTime] = @dt
, [LocalTime2] = dateadd(mi, datediff(mi, sysdatetimeoffset(),getdate()), @dt)
你可以在SQL Server 2008或更高版本上这样做:
SELECT CONVERT(datetime,
SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset,
MyTable.UtcColumn),
DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET())))
AS ColumnInLocalTime
FROM MyTable
你也可以用更简洁的方法:
SELECT DATEADD(mi, DATEDIFF(mi, GETUTCDATE(), GETDATE()), MyTable.UtcColumn)
AS ColumnInLocalTime
FROM MyTable
无论您做什么,都不要使用-来减去日期,因为该操作不是原子的,并且由于在不同时间(即非原子地)检查的系统datetime和本地datetime之间的竞争条件,您有时会得到不确定的结果。
请注意,这个答案没有考虑夏令时。如果你想包含夏令时调整,也请参阅以下SO问题:
如何在SQL Server中创建夏令时开始和结束函数