我想分别获取文件名（不带扩展名）和扩展名。
到目前为止，我找到的最佳解决方案是：
NAME=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f1`
EXTENSION=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f2`
这是错误的，因为如果文件名包含多个，它就不起作用。字符。假设我有a.b.js，它会考虑a和b.js而不是a.b和js。
它可以在Python中用
file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
但如果可能的话，我不希望仅仅为此启动Python解释器。
有更好的主意吗？
当前回答
为了使dir更有用（在没有指定路径的本地文件作为输入的情况下），我执行了以下操作：
# Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}"
if [[ -z "$dir" ]]; then
dir="./"
fi
这允许您执行一些有用的操作，如在输入文件basename中添加后缀，如下所示：
outfile=${dir}${base}_suffix.${ext}
testcase: foo.bar
dir: "./"
base: "foo"
ext: "bar"
outfile: "./foo_suffix.bar"
testcase: /home/me/foo.bar
dir: "/home/me/"
base: "foo"
ext: "bar"
outfile: "/home/me/foo_suffix.bar"
其他回答
这是我在编写Bash脚本时用于查找文件名和扩展名的算法，当名称与大小写冲突时，该脚本会使名称唯一。
#! /bin/bash
#
# Finds
# -- name and extension pairs
# -- null extension when there isn't an extension.
# -- Finds name of a hidden file without an extension
#
declare -a fileNames=(
'.Montreal'
'.Rome.txt'
'Loundon.txt'
'Paris'
'San Diego.txt'
'San Francisco'
)
echo "Script ${0} finding name and extension pairs."
echo
for theFileName in "${fileNames[@]}"
do
echo "theFileName=${theFileName}"
# Get the proposed name by chopping off the extension
name="${theFileName%.*}"
# get extension. Set to null when there isn't an extension
# Thanks to mklement0 in a comment above.
extension=$([[ "$theFileName" == *.* ]] && echo ".${theFileName##*.}" || echo '')
# a hidden file without extenson?
if [ "${theFileName}" = "${extension}" ] ; then
# hidden file without extension. Fixup.
name=${theFileName}
extension=""
fi
echo " name=${name}"
echo " extension=${extension}"
done
测试运行。
$ config/Name\&Extension.bash
Script config/Name&Extension.bash finding name and extension pairs.
theFileName=.Montreal
name=.Montreal
extension=
theFileName=.Rome.txt
name=.Rome
extension=.txt
theFileName=Loundon.txt
name=Loundon
extension=.txt
theFileName=Paris
name=Paris
extension=
theFileName=San Diego.txt
name=San Diego
extension=.txt
theFileName=San Francisco
name=San Francisco
extension=
$
仅供参考：完整的音译程序和更多测试用例可以在这里找到：https://www.dropbox.com/s/4c6m0f2e28a1vxf/avoid-clashes-code.zip?dl=0
如果文件没有扩展名或文件名，这似乎不起作用。这是我正在使用的；它只使用内置文件名，并处理更多（但不是所有）病态文件名。
#!/bin/bash
for fullpath in "$@"
do
filename="${fullpath##*/}" # Strip longest match of */ from start
dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}" # Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
base="${filename%.[^.]*}" # Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
ext="${filename:${#base} + 1}" # Substring from len of base thru end
if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$ext" ]]; then # If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
base=".$ext"
ext=""
fi
echo -e "$fullpath:\n\tdir = \"$dir\"\n\tbase = \"$base\"\n\text = \"$ext\""
done
下面是一些测试用例：
$ basename-and-extension.sh / /home/me/ /home/me/file /home/me/file.tar /home/me/file.tar.gz /home/me/.hidden /home/me/.hidden.tar /home/me/.. .
/:
dir = "/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/file:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = ""
/home/me/file.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/file.tar.gz:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file.tar"
ext = "gz"
/home/me/.hidden:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = ""
/home/me/.hidden.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/..:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".."
ext = ""
.:
dir = ""
base = "."
ext = ""
主要基于@mklement0的优秀，充斥着随机、有用的抨击——以及对这个/其他问题/“那该死的互联网”的其他答案。。。我用一个稍微更容易理解的、可重用的函数来概括我（或你）的.bash_profile，它考虑了（我认为）应该是一个更健壮的dirname/basename/what have you。。
function path { SAVEIFS=$IFS; IFS="" # stash IFS for safe-keeping, etc.
[[ $# != 2 ]] && echo "usage: path <path> <dir|name|fullname|ext>" && return # demand 2 arguments
[[ $1 =~ ^(.*/)?(.+)?$ ]] && { # regex parse the path
dir=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
file=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
ext=$([[ $file = *.* ]] && printf %s ${file##*.} || printf '')
# edge cases for extensionless files and files like ".nesh_profile.coffee"
[[ $file == $ext ]] && fnr=$file && ext='' || fnr=${file:0:$((${#file}-${#ext}))}
case "$2" in
dir) echo "${dir%/*}"; ;;
name) echo "${fnr%.*}"; ;;
fullname) echo "${fnr%.*}.$ext"; ;;
ext) echo "$ext"; ;;
esac
}
IFS=$SAVEIFS
}
用法示例。。。
SOMEPATH=/path/to.some/.random\ file.gzip
path $SOMEPATH dir # /path/to.some
path $SOMEPATH name # .random file
path $SOMEPATH ext # gzip
path $SOMEPATH fullname # .random file.gzip
path gobbledygook # usage: -bash <path> <dir|name|fullname|ext>
从上面的答案来看，模仿Python的最短一行代码
file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
假设您的文件确实有扩展名
EXT="${PATH##*.}"; FILE=$(basename "$PATH" .$EXT)
这里是一个sed解决方案，它以各种形式提取路径组件，并可以处理大多数边缘情况：
## Enter the input path and field separator character, for example:
## (separatorChar must not be present in inputPath)
inputPath="/path/to/Foo.bar"
separatorChar=":"
## sed extracts the path components and assigns them to output variables
oldIFS="$IFS"
IFS="$separatorChar"
read dirPathWithSlash dirPath fileNameWithExt fileName fileExtWithDot fileExt <<<"$(sed -En '
s/^[[:space:]]+//
s/[[:space:]]+$//
t l1
:l1
s/^([^/]|$)//
t
s/[/]+$//
t l2
:l2
s/^$/filesystem\/\
filesystem/p
t
h
s/^(.*)([/])([^/]+)$/\1\2\
\1\
\3/p
g
t l3
:l3
s/^.*[/]([^/]+)([.])([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$/\1\
\2\3\
\3/p
t
s/^.*[/](.+)$/\1/p
' <<<"$inputPath" | tr "\n" "$separatorChar")"
IFS="$oldIFS"
## Results (all use separatorChar=":")
## inputPath = /path/to/Foo.bar
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = Foo.bar
## fileName = Foo
## fileExtWithDot = .bar
## fileExt = bar
## inputPath = /path/to/Foobar
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = Foobar
## fileName = Foobar
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = /path/to/...bar
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = ...bar
## fileName = ..
## fileExtWithDot = .bar
## fileExt = bar
## inputPath = /path/to/..bar
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = ..bar
## fileName = .
## fileExtWithDot = .bar
## fileExt = bar
## inputPath = /path/to/.bar
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = .bar
## fileName = .bar
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = /path/to/...
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = ...
## fileName = ...
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = /path/to/Foo.
## dirPathWithSlash = /path/to/
## dirPath = /path/to
## fileNameWithExt = Foo.
## fileName = Foo.
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = / (the root directory)
## dirPathWithSlash = filesystem/
## dirPath = filesystem
## fileNameWithExt =
## fileName =
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = (invalid because empty)
## dirPathWithSlash =
## dirPath =
## fileNameWithExt =
## fileName =
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
## inputPath = Foo/bar (invalid because doesn't start with a forward slash)
## dirPathWithSlash =
## dirPath =
## fileNameWithExt =
## fileName =
## fileExtWithDot =
## fileExt =
以下是它的工作原理：
sed解析输入路径，并在单独的行上按顺序打印以下路径组件：
带有尾随斜杠字符的目录路径没有尾随斜杠字符的目录路径带扩展名的文件名不带扩展名的文件名带前导点字符的文件扩展名不带前导点字符的文件扩展名
tr将sed输出转换为上述路径组件的分隔符分隔字符串。
read使用分隔符作为字段分隔符（IFS=“$sseparatorChar”），并将每个路径组件分配给各自的变量。
以下是sed构造的工作原理：
s/^[[：space:]]+/-和s/[[：space：]]+$//去掉任何前导和/或尾随空格字符t l1和：l1为下一个s函数刷新t函数s/^（[^/]|$）//和t测试输入路径是否无效（不是以正斜杠开头的路径），在这种情况下，它将所有输出行留空并退出sed命令s/[/]+$//去掉任何尾随斜线t l2和：l2为下一个s函数刷新t函数s/^$/files\/\\[newline]filesystem/p和t测试输入路径由根目录/组成的特殊情况，在这种情况下，它为dirPathWithSlash和dirPath输出行打印文件系统/和文件系统，将所有其他输出行留空，并退出sed命令h将输入路径保存在等待空间中s/^（.*）（[/]）（[^/]+）$/\1\\2\\[newline]\1\\[newline]\3/p打印dirPathWithSlash、dirPath和fileNameWithExt输出行g从保持空间检索输入路径t l3和：l3为下一个s函数刷新t函数s/^.*\[/]（[^/]+）（[.]）（[a-zA-Z0-9]+）$/\1\\[newline]\2\3\[newline]\3/p，并在存在文件扩展名的情况下打印fileName、fileExtWithDot和fileExt输出行（假设仅由字母数字字符组成），然后退出sed命令s/^.*\[/]（.+）$/\1/p在文件扩展名不存在的情况下打印fileName，但不打印fileExtWithDot和fileExt输出行，然后退出sed命令。
