一个简单的bash一行。我用这个从pwd中的所有文件中删除rst扩展名

for each in `ls -1 *.rst`
do
     a=$(echo $each | wc -c)
     echo $each | cut -c -$(( $a-5 )) >> blognames
done

它做什么？

1） ls-1*.rst将在新行中列出stdout上的所有文件（try）。

2） echo$each|wc-c统计每个文件名中的字符数。

3） echo$each|cut-c-$（（$a-5））最多选择最后4个字符，即.rst。

这是我在编写Bash脚本时用于查找文件名和扩展名的算法，当名称与大小写冲突时，该脚本会使名称唯一。

#! /bin/bash 

#
# Finds 
# -- name and extension pairs
# -- null extension when there isn't an extension.
# -- Finds name of a hidden file without an extension
# 

declare -a fileNames=(
  '.Montreal' 
  '.Rome.txt' 
  'Loundon.txt' 
  'Paris' 
  'San Diego.txt'
  'San Francisco' 
  )

echo "Script ${0} finding name and extension pairs."
echo 

for theFileName in "${fileNames[@]}"
do
     echo "theFileName=${theFileName}"  

     # Get the proposed name by chopping off the extension
     name="${theFileName%.*}"

     # get extension.  Set to null when there isn't an extension
     # Thanks to mklement0 in a comment above.
     extension=$([[ "$theFileName" == *.* ]] && echo ".${theFileName##*.}" || echo '')

     # a hidden file without extenson?
     if [ "${theFileName}" = "${extension}" ] ; then
         # hidden file without extension.  Fixup.
         name=${theFileName}
         extension=""
     fi

     echo "  name=${name}"
     echo "  extension=${extension}"
done 

测试运行。

$ config/Name\&Extension.bash 
Script config/Name&Extension.bash finding name and extension pairs.

theFileName=.Montreal
  name=.Montreal
  extension=
theFileName=.Rome.txt
  name=.Rome
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Loundon.txt
  name=Loundon
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Paris
  name=Paris
  extension=
theFileName=San Diego.txt
  name=San Diego
  extension=.txt
theFileName=San Francisco
  name=San Francisco
  extension=
$ 

仅供参考：完整的音译程序和更多测试用例可以在这里找到：https://www.dropbox.com/s/4c6m0f2e28a1vxf/avoid-clashes-code.zip?dl=0

您可以使用basename。

例子：

$ basename foo-bar.tar.gz .tar.gz
foo-bar

您确实需要为basename提供要删除的扩展名，但是如果您总是使用-z执行tar，那么您知道扩展名将是.tar.gz。

这应该可以满足您的需要：

tar -zxvf $1
cd $(basename $1 .tar.gz)

从上面的答案来看，模仿Python的最短一行代码

file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)

假设您的文件确实有扩展名

EXT="${PATH##*.}"; FILE=$(basename "$PATH" .$EXT)

您可以使用POSIX参数扩展的魔力：

bash-3.2$ FILENAME=somefile.tar.gz
bash-3.2$ echo "${FILENAME%%.*}"
somefile
bash-3.2$ echo "${FILENAME%.*}"
somefile.tar

如果您的文件名是这样的格式，则需要注意/somefile.tar.gz然后echo$｛FILENAME%%.*｝会贪婪地删除最长的匹配项。你会得到空字符串。

（您可以使用临时变量解决此问题：

FULL_FILENAME=$FILENAME
FILENAME=${FULL_FILENAME##*/}
echo ${FILENAME%%.*}

)

本网站提供了更多信息。

${variable%pattern}
  Trim the shortest match from the end
${variable##pattern}
  Trim the longest match from the beginning
${variable%%pattern}
  Trim the longest match from the end
${variable#pattern}
  Trim the shortest match from the beginning

公认的答案在典型情况下有效，但在边缘情况下无效，即：

对于没有扩展名的文件名（在这个答案的剩余部分中称为后缀），extension=${filename##*.}返回输入文件名，而不是空字符串。extension=${filename##*.}不包括首字母。，与惯例相反。盲目地准备。不适用于没有后缀的文件名。filename=“${filename%.*}”将是空字符串，如果输入文件名以开头。并且不包含进一步的。字符（例如.bash_profile）-与惯例相反。

---------

因此，覆盖所有边缘情况的鲁棒解决方案的复杂性需要一个函数——见下面的定义；它可以返回路径的所有组件。

示例调用：

splitPath '/etc/bash.bashrc' dir fname fnameroot suffix
# -> $dir == '/etc'
# -> $fname == 'bash.bashrc'
# -> $fnameroot == 'bash'
# -> $suffix == '.bashrc'

请注意，输入路径后面的参数是自由选择的位置变量名称。要跳过不感兴趣的变量，请指定_（使用扔掉变量$_）或“”；例如，要仅提取文件名根和扩展名，请使用splitPath“/etc/bash.bashrc”_ _ fnameroot扩展名。

# SYNOPSIS
#   splitPath path varDirname [varBasename [varBasenameRoot [varSuffix]]] 
# DESCRIPTION
#   Splits the specified input path into its components and returns them by assigning
#   them to variables with the specified *names*.
#   Specify '' or throw-away variable _ to skip earlier variables, if necessary.
#   The filename suffix, if any, always starts with '.' - only the *last*
#   '.'-prefixed token is reported as the suffix.
#   As with `dirname`, varDirname will report '.' (current dir) for input paths
#   that are mere filenames, and '/' for the root dir.
#   As with `dirname` and `basename`, a trailing '/' in the input path is ignored.
#   A '.' as the very first char. of a filename is NOT considered the beginning
#   of a filename suffix.
# EXAMPLE
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
#   echo "$parentpath" # -> '/home/jdoe'
#   echo "$fname" # -> 'readme.txt'
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'
#   echo "$suffix" # -> '.txt'
#   ---
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' _ _ fnameroot
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'  
splitPath() {
  local _sp_dirname= _sp_basename= _sp_basename_root= _sp_suffix=
    # simple argument validation
  (( $# >= 2 )) || { echo "$FUNCNAME: ERROR: Specify an input path and at least 1 output variable name." >&2; exit 2; }
    # extract dirname (parent path) and basename (filename)
  _sp_dirname=$(dirname "$1")
  _sp_basename=$(basename "$1")
    # determine suffix, if any
  _sp_suffix=$([[ $_sp_basename = *.* ]] && printf %s ".${_sp_basename##*.}" || printf '')
    # determine basename root (filemane w/o suffix)
  if [[ "$_sp_basename" == "$_sp_suffix" ]]; then # does filename start with '.'?
      _sp_basename_root=$_sp_basename
      _sp_suffix=''
  else # strip suffix from filename
    _sp_basename_root=${_sp_basename%$_sp_suffix}
  fi
  # assign to output vars.
  [[ -n $2 ]] && printf -v "$2" "$_sp_dirname"
  [[ -n $3 ]] && printf -v "$3" "$_sp_basename"
  [[ -n $4 ]] && printf -v "$4" "$_sp_basename_root"
  [[ -n $5 ]] && printf -v "$5" "$_sp_suffix"
  return 0
}

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

执行功能的测试代码：

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

预期输出-注意边缘情况：

没有后缀的文件名以开头的文件名。（不考虑后缀的开头）以/结尾的输入路径（忽略尾随/）仅为文件名的输入路径（.作为父路径返回）超过的文件名-前缀标记（仅最后一个被视为后缀）：

----- /etc/bash.bashrc
parentpath=/etc
fname=bash.bashrc
fnameroot=bash
suffix=.bashrc
----- /usr/bin/grep
parentpath=/usr/bin
fname=grep
fnameroot=grep
suffix=
----- /Users/jdoe/.bash_profile
parentpath=/Users/jdoe
fname=.bash_profile
fnameroot=.bash_profile
suffix=
----- /Library/Application Support/
parentpath=/Library
fname=Application Support
fnameroot=Application Support
suffix=
----- readme.new.txt
parentpath=.
fname=readme.new.txt
fnameroot=readme.new
suffix=.txt