公认的答案在典型情况下有效，但在边缘情况下无效，即：

对于没有扩展名的文件名（在这个答案的剩余部分中称为后缀），extension=${filename##*.}返回输入文件名，而不是空字符串。extension=${filename##*.}不包括首字母。，与惯例相反。盲目地准备。不适用于没有后缀的文件名。filename=“${filename%.*}”将是空字符串，如果输入文件名以开头。并且不包含进一步的。字符（例如.bash_profile）-与惯例相反。

---------

因此，覆盖所有边缘情况的鲁棒解决方案的复杂性需要一个函数——见下面的定义；它可以返回路径的所有组件。

示例调用：

splitPath '/etc/bash.bashrc' dir fname fnameroot suffix
# -> $dir == '/etc'
# -> $fname == 'bash.bashrc'
# -> $fnameroot == 'bash'
# -> $suffix == '.bashrc'

请注意，输入路径后面的参数是自由选择的位置变量名称。要跳过不感兴趣的变量，请指定_（使用扔掉变量$_）或“”；例如，要仅提取文件名根和扩展名，请使用splitPath“/etc/bash.bashrc”_ _ fnameroot扩展名。

# SYNOPSIS
#   splitPath path varDirname [varBasename [varBasenameRoot [varSuffix]]] 
# DESCRIPTION
#   Splits the specified input path into its components and returns them by assigning
#   them to variables with the specified *names*.
#   Specify '' or throw-away variable _ to skip earlier variables, if necessary.
#   The filename suffix, if any, always starts with '.' - only the *last*
#   '.'-prefixed token is reported as the suffix.
#   As with `dirname`, varDirname will report '.' (current dir) for input paths
#   that are mere filenames, and '/' for the root dir.
#   As with `dirname` and `basename`, a trailing '/' in the input path is ignored.
#   A '.' as the very first char. of a filename is NOT considered the beginning
#   of a filename suffix.
# EXAMPLE
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
#   echo "$parentpath" # -> '/home/jdoe'
#   echo "$fname" # -> 'readme.txt'
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'
#   echo "$suffix" # -> '.txt'
#   ---
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' _ _ fnameroot
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'  
splitPath() {
  local _sp_dirname= _sp_basename= _sp_basename_root= _sp_suffix=
    # simple argument validation
  (( $# >= 2 )) || { echo "$FUNCNAME: ERROR: Specify an input path and at least 1 output variable name." >&2; exit 2; }
    # extract dirname (parent path) and basename (filename)
  _sp_dirname=$(dirname "$1")
  _sp_basename=$(basename "$1")
    # determine suffix, if any
  _sp_suffix=$([[ $_sp_basename = *.* ]] && printf %s ".${_sp_basename##*.}" || printf '')
    # determine basename root (filemane w/o suffix)
  if [[ "$_sp_basename" == "$_sp_suffix" ]]; then # does filename start with '.'?
      _sp_basename_root=$_sp_basename
      _sp_suffix=''
  else # strip suffix from filename
    _sp_basename_root=${_sp_basename%$_sp_suffix}
  fi
  # assign to output vars.
  [[ -n $2 ]] && printf -v "$2" "$_sp_dirname"
  [[ -n $3 ]] && printf -v "$3" "$_sp_basename"
  [[ -n $4 ]] && printf -v "$4" "$_sp_basename_root"
  [[ -n $5 ]] && printf -v "$5" "$_sp_suffix"
  return 0
}

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

执行功能的测试代码：

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

预期输出-注意边缘情况：

没有后缀的文件名以开头的文件名。（不考虑后缀的开头）以/结尾的输入路径（忽略尾随/）仅为文件名的输入路径（.作为父路径返回）超过的文件名-前缀标记（仅最后一个被视为后缀）：

----- /etc/bash.bashrc
parentpath=/etc
fname=bash.bashrc
fnameroot=bash
suffix=.bashrc
----- /usr/bin/grep
parentpath=/usr/bin
fname=grep
fnameroot=grep
suffix=
----- /Users/jdoe/.bash_profile
parentpath=/Users/jdoe
fname=.bash_profile
fnameroot=.bash_profile
suffix=
----- /Library/Application Support/
parentpath=/Library
fname=Application Support
fnameroot=Application Support
suffix=
----- readme.new.txt
parentpath=.
fname=readme.new.txt
fnameroot=readme.new
suffix=.txt

这是我在编写Bash脚本时用于查找文件名和扩展名的算法，当名称与大小写冲突时，该脚本会使名称唯一。

#! /bin/bash 

#
# Finds 
# -- name and extension pairs
# -- null extension when there isn't an extension.
# -- Finds name of a hidden file without an extension
# 

declare -a fileNames=(
  '.Montreal' 
  '.Rome.txt' 
  'Loundon.txt' 
  'Paris' 
  'San Diego.txt'
  'San Francisco' 
  )

echo "Script ${0} finding name and extension pairs."
echo 

for theFileName in "${fileNames[@]}"
do
     echo "theFileName=${theFileName}"  

     # Get the proposed name by chopping off the extension
     name="${theFileName%.*}"

     # get extension.  Set to null when there isn't an extension
     # Thanks to mklement0 in a comment above.
     extension=$([[ "$theFileName" == *.* ]] && echo ".${theFileName##*.}" || echo '')

     # a hidden file without extenson?
     if [ "${theFileName}" = "${extension}" ] ; then
         # hidden file without extension.  Fixup.
         name=${theFileName}
         extension=""
     fi

     echo "  name=${name}"
     echo "  extension=${extension}"
done 

测试运行。

$ config/Name\&Extension.bash 
Script config/Name&Extension.bash finding name and extension pairs.

theFileName=.Montreal
  name=.Montreal
  extension=
theFileName=.Rome.txt
  name=.Rome
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Loundon.txt
  name=Loundon
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Paris
  name=Paris
  extension=
theFileName=San Diego.txt
  name=San Diego
  extension=.txt
theFileName=San Francisco
  name=San Francisco
  extension=
$ 

仅供参考：完整的音译程序和更多测试用例可以在这里找到：https://www.dropbox.com/s/4c6m0f2e28a1vxf/avoid-clashes-code.zip?dl=0

使用示例文件/Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh，以下代码：

MY_EXT=".${0##*.}"
ME=$(/usr/bin/basename "${0}" "${MY_EXT}")

将导致$｛ME｝为MyScript，$｛MY_EXT｝为.sh:

脚本：

#!/bin/bash
set -e

MY_EXT=".${0##*.}"
ME=$(/usr/bin/basename "${0}" "${MY_EXT}")

echo "${ME} - ${MY_EXT}"

一些测试：

$ ./MyScript.sh 
MyScript - .sh

$ bash MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh

$ /Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh

$ bash /Users/Jonathan/Scripts/bash/MyScript.sh
MyScript - .sh

您可以使用

sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f2- | rev | cut -c2-

获取文件名和

sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f1  | rev

以获得扩展。

测试用例：

echo "filename.gz"     | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f2- | rev | cut -c2-
echo "filename.gz"     | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f1  | rev
echo "filename"        | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f2- | rev | cut -c2-
echo "filename"        | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f1  | rev
echo "filename.tar.gz" | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f2- | rev | cut -c2-
echo "filename.tar.gz" | sed 's/^/./' | rev | cut -d. -f1  | rev

您可以强制剪切以显示所有字段和后续字段，并将其添加到字段编号。

NAME=`basename "$FILE"`
EXTENSION=`echo "$NAME" | cut -d'.' -f2-`

因此，如果FILE为eth0.pcap.gz，则EXTENSION将为pcap.gz

使用相同的逻辑，您还可以使用“-”和cut获取文件名，如下所示：

NAME=`basename "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f-1`

这甚至适用于没有任何扩展名的文件名。

只需使用$｛parameter%word｝

在您的案例中：

${FILE%.*}

如果您想测试它，以下所有操作都可以，只需删除扩展即可：

FILE=abc.xyz; echo ${FILE%.*};
FILE=123.abc.xyz; echo ${FILE%.*};
FILE=abc; echo ${FILE%.*};