我想分别获取文件名(不带扩展名)和扩展名。

到目前为止,我找到的最佳解决方案是:

NAME=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f1`
EXTENSION=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f2`

这是错误的,因为如果文件名包含多个,它就不起作用。字符。假设我有a.b.js,它会考虑a和b.js而不是a.b和js。

它可以在Python中用

file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)

但如果可能的话,我不希望仅仅为此启动Python解释器。

有更好的主意吗?


当前回答

公认的答案在典型情况下有效,但在边缘情况下无效,即:

对于没有扩展名的文件名(在这个答案的剩余部分中称为后缀),extension=${filename##*.}返回输入文件名,而不是空字符串。extension=${filename##*.}不包括首字母。,与惯例相反。盲目地准备。不适用于没有后缀的文件名。filename=“${filename%.*}”将是空字符串,如果输入文件名以开头。并且不包含进一步的。字符(例如.bash_profile)-与惯例相反。

---------

因此,覆盖所有边缘情况的鲁棒解决方案的复杂性需要一个函数——见下面的定义;它可以返回路径的所有组件。

示例调用:

splitPath '/etc/bash.bashrc' dir fname fnameroot suffix
# -> $dir == '/etc'
# -> $fname == 'bash.bashrc'
# -> $fnameroot == 'bash'
# -> $suffix == '.bashrc'

请注意,输入路径后面的参数是自由选择的位置变量名称。要跳过不感兴趣的变量,请指定_(使用扔掉变量$_)或“”;例如,要仅提取文件名根和扩展名,请使用splitPath“/etc/bash.bashrc”_ _ fnameroot扩展名。


# SYNOPSIS
#   splitPath path varDirname [varBasename [varBasenameRoot [varSuffix]]] 
# DESCRIPTION
#   Splits the specified input path into its components and returns them by assigning
#   them to variables with the specified *names*.
#   Specify '' or throw-away variable _ to skip earlier variables, if necessary.
#   The filename suffix, if any, always starts with '.' - only the *last*
#   '.'-prefixed token is reported as the suffix.
#   As with `dirname`, varDirname will report '.' (current dir) for input paths
#   that are mere filenames, and '/' for the root dir.
#   As with `dirname` and `basename`, a trailing '/' in the input path is ignored.
#   A '.' as the very first char. of a filename is NOT considered the beginning
#   of a filename suffix.
# EXAMPLE
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
#   echo "$parentpath" # -> '/home/jdoe'
#   echo "$fname" # -> 'readme.txt'
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'
#   echo "$suffix" # -> '.txt'
#   ---
#   splitPath '/home/jdoe/readme.txt' _ _ fnameroot
#   echo "$fnameroot" # -> 'readme'  
splitPath() {
  local _sp_dirname= _sp_basename= _sp_basename_root= _sp_suffix=
    # simple argument validation
  (( $# >= 2 )) || { echo "$FUNCNAME: ERROR: Specify an input path and at least 1 output variable name." >&2; exit 2; }
    # extract dirname (parent path) and basename (filename)
  _sp_dirname=$(dirname "$1")
  _sp_basename=$(basename "$1")
    # determine suffix, if any
  _sp_suffix=$([[ $_sp_basename = *.* ]] && printf %s ".${_sp_basename##*.}" || printf '')
    # determine basename root (filemane w/o suffix)
  if [[ "$_sp_basename" == "$_sp_suffix" ]]; then # does filename start with '.'?
      _sp_basename_root=$_sp_basename
      _sp_suffix=''
  else # strip suffix from filename
    _sp_basename_root=${_sp_basename%$_sp_suffix}
  fi
  # assign to output vars.
  [[ -n $2 ]] && printf -v "$2" "$_sp_dirname"
  [[ -n $3 ]] && printf -v "$3" "$_sp_basename"
  [[ -n $4 ]] && printf -v "$4" "$_sp_basename_root"
  [[ -n $5 ]] && printf -v "$5" "$_sp_suffix"
  return 0
}

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

执行功能的测试代码:

test_paths=(
  '/etc/bash.bashrc'
  '/usr/bin/grep'
  '/Users/jdoe/.bash_profile'
  '/Library/Application Support/'
  'readme.new.txt'
)

for p in "${test_paths[@]}"; do
  echo ----- "$p"
  parentpath= fname= fnameroot= suffix=
  splitPath "$p" parentpath fname fnameroot suffix
  for n in parentpath fname fnameroot suffix; do
    echo "$n=${!n}"
  done
done

预期输出-注意边缘情况:

没有后缀的文件名以开头的文件名。(不考虑后缀的开头)以/结尾的输入路径(忽略尾随/)仅为文件名的输入路径(.作为父路径返回)超过的文件名-前缀标记(仅最后一个被视为后缀):

----- /etc/bash.bashrc
parentpath=/etc
fname=bash.bashrc
fnameroot=bash
suffix=.bashrc
----- /usr/bin/grep
parentpath=/usr/bin
fname=grep
fnameroot=grep
suffix=
----- /Users/jdoe/.bash_profile
parentpath=/Users/jdoe
fname=.bash_profile
fnameroot=.bash_profile
suffix=
----- /Library/Application Support/
parentpath=/Library
fname=Application Support
fnameroot=Application Support
suffix=
----- readme.new.txt
parentpath=.
fname=readme.new.txt
fnameroot=readme.new
suffix=.txt

其他回答

$ F = "text file.test.txt"  
$ echo ${F/*./}  
txt  

这可以满足文件名中的多个点和空格,但是如果没有扩展名,则返回文件名本身。但易于检查;只需测试文件名和扩展名是否相同。

自然,此方法不适用于.tar.gz文件。然而,这可以分两步处理。如果扩展名是gz,则再次检查是否也有tar扩展名。

只需使用${parameter%word}

在您的案例中:

${FILE%.*}

如果您想测试它,以下所有操作都可以,只需删除扩展即可:

FILE=abc.xyz; echo ${FILE%.*};
FILE=123.abc.xyz; echo ${FILE%.*};
FILE=abc; echo ${FILE%.*};

好的,如果我理解正确,这里的问题是如何获取具有多个扩展名的文件的名称和完整扩展名,例如stuff.tar.gz。

这对我有用:

fullfile="stuff.tar.gz"
fileExt=${fullfile#*.}
fileName=${fullfile%*.$fileExt}

这将为您提供文件名和扩展名.tar.gz。它适用于任何数量的扩展,包括0。希望这对有同样问题的人有所帮助=)

如果文件没有扩展名或文件名,这似乎不起作用。这是我正在使用的;它只使用内置文件名,并处理更多(但不是所有)病态文件名。

#!/bin/bash
for fullpath in "$@"
do
    filename="${fullpath##*/}"                      # Strip longest match of */ from start
    dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}" # Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
    base="${filename%.[^.]*}"                       # Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
    ext="${filename:${#base} + 1}"                  # Substring from len of base thru end
    if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$ext" ]]; then          # If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
        base=".$ext"
        ext=""
    fi

    echo -e "$fullpath:\n\tdir  = \"$dir\"\n\tbase = \"$base\"\n\text  = \"$ext\""
done

下面是一些测试用例:

$ basename-and-extension.sh / /home/me/ /home/me/file /home/me/file.tar /home/me/file.tar.gz /home/me/.hidden /home/me/.hidden.tar /home/me/.. .
/:
    dir  = "/"
    base = ""
    ext  = ""
/home/me/:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ""
    ext  = ""
/home/me/file:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file"
    ext  = ""
/home/me/file.tar:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file"
    ext  = "tar"
/home/me/file.tar.gz:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file.tar"
    ext  = "gz"
/home/me/.hidden:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".hidden"
    ext  = ""
/home/me/.hidden.tar:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".hidden"
    ext  = "tar"
/home/me/..:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".."
    ext  = ""
.:
    dir  = ""
    base = "."
    ext  = ""

IMHO已经给出了最佳解决方案(使用外壳参数扩展),并且是目前评级最佳的解决方案。

然而,我添加了一个仅使用dumbs命令的命令,这是无效的,没有人应该认真使用:

FILENAME=$(echo $FILE | cut -d . -f 1-$(printf $FILE | tr . '\n' | wc -l))
EXTENSION=$(echo $FILE | tr . '\n' | tail -1)

仅为好玩而添加:-)