我想分别获取文件名(不带扩展名)和扩展名。
到目前为止,我找到的最佳解决方案是:
NAME=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f1`
EXTENSION=`echo "$FILE" | cut -d'.' -f2`
这是错误的,因为如果文件名包含多个,它就不起作用。字符。假设我有a.b.js,它会考虑a和b.js而不是a.b和js。
它可以在Python中用
file, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
但如果可能的话,我不希望仅仅为此启动Python解释器。
有更好的主意吗?
如果文件没有扩展名或文件名,这似乎不起作用。这是我正在使用的;它只使用内置文件名,并处理更多(但不是所有)病态文件名。
#!/bin/bash
for fullpath in "$@"
do
filename="${fullpath##*/}" # Strip longest match of */ from start
dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}" # Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
base="${filename%.[^.]*}" # Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
ext="${filename:${#base} + 1}" # Substring from len of base thru end
if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$ext" ]]; then # If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
base=".$ext"
ext=""
fi
echo -e "$fullpath:\n\tdir = \"$dir\"\n\tbase = \"$base\"\n\text = \"$ext\""
done
下面是一些测试用例:
$ basename-and-extension.sh / /home/me/ /home/me/file /home/me/file.tar /home/me/file.tar.gz /home/me/.hidden /home/me/.hidden.tar /home/me/.. .
/:
dir = "/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ""
ext = ""
/home/me/file:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = ""
/home/me/file.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/file.tar.gz:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = "file.tar"
ext = "gz"
/home/me/.hidden:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = ""
/home/me/.hidden.tar:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".hidden"
ext = "tar"
/home/me/..:
dir = "/home/me/"
base = ".."
ext = ""
.:
dir = ""
base = "."
ext = ""
魔术文件识别
除了关于堆栈溢出问题的许多好答案之外,我还想补充一点:
在Linux和其他unixen下,有一个名为file的神奇命令,它通过分析文件的一些第一个字节来进行文件类型检测。这是一个非常旧的工具,最初用于打印服务器(如果不是为…创建的,我不确定)。
file myfile.txt
myfile.txt: UTF-8 Unicode text
file -b --mime-type myfile.txt
text/plain
标准扩展可以在/etc/mime.types中找到(在我的Debian GNU/Linux桌面上。请参阅man file和man mime.types.也许您必须安装文件实用程序和mime支持包):
grep $( file -b --mime-type myfile.txt ) </etc/mime.types
text/plain asc txt text pot brf srt
您可以创建一个bash函数来确定正确的扩展。有一个小样本(不完美):
file2ext() {
local _mimetype=$(file -Lb --mime-type "$1") _line _basemimetype
case ${_mimetype##*[/.-]} in
gzip | bzip2 | xz | z )
_mimetype=${_mimetype##*[/.-]}
_mimetype=${_mimetype//ip}
_basemimetype=$(file -zLb --mime-type "$1")
;;
stream )
_mimetype=($(file -Lb "$1"))
[ "${_mimetype[1]}" = "compressed" ] &&
_basemimetype=$(file -b --mime-type - < <(
${_mimetype,,} -d <"$1")) ||
_basemimetype=${_mimetype,,}
_mimetype=${_mimetype,,}
;;
executable ) _mimetype='' _basemimetype='' ;;
dosexec ) _mimetype='' _basemimetype='exe' ;;
shellscript ) _mimetype='' _basemimetype='sh' ;;
* )
_basemimetype=$_mimetype
_mimetype=''
;;
esac
while read -a _line ;do
if [ "$_line" == "$_basemimetype" ] ;then
[ "$_line[1]" ] &&
_basemimetype=${_line[1]} ||
_basemimetype=${_basemimetype##*[/.-]}
break
fi
done </etc/mime.types
case ${_basemimetype##*[/.-]} in
executable ) _basemimetype='' ;;
shellscript ) _basemimetype='sh' ;;
dosexec ) _basemimetype='exe' ;;
* ) ;;
esac
[ "$_mimetype" ] && [ "$_basemimetype" != "$_mimetype" ] &&
printf ${2+-v} $2 "%s.%s" ${_basemimetype##*[/.-]} ${_mimetype##*[/.-]} ||
printf ${2+-v} $2 "%s" ${_basemimetype##*[/.-]}
}
此函数可以设置稍后可以使用的Bash变量:
(灵感来自@Petersh正确答案):
filename=$(basename "$fullfile")
filename="${filename%.*}"
file2ext "$fullfile" extension
echo "$fullfile -> $filename . $extension"