对于angular.js，这里有一个指令(基于已接受的答案)，它将允许你的控制器对可见性的变化做出反应:

myApp.directive('reactOnWindowFocus', function($parse) {
    return {
        restrict: "A",
        link: function(scope, element, attrs) {
            var hidden = "hidden";
            var currentlyVisible = true;
            var functionOrExpression = $parse(attrs.reactOnWindowFocus);

          // Standards:
          if (hidden in document)
            document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onchange);
          else if ((hidden = "mozHidden") in document)
            document.addEventListener("mozvisibilitychange", onchange);
          else if ((hidden = "webkitHidden") in document)
            document.addEventListener("webkitvisibilitychange", onchange);
          else if ((hidden = "msHidden") in document)
            document.addEventListener("msvisibilitychange", onchange);
          else if ("onfocusin" in document) {
                // IE 9 and lower:
            document.onfocusin = onshow;
                document.onfocusout = onhide;
          } else {
                // All others:
            window.onpageshow = window.onfocus = onshow;
                window.onpagehide = window.onblur = onhide;
            }

          function onchange (evt) {
                //occurs both on leaving and on returning
                currentlyVisible = !currentlyVisible;
                doSomethingIfAppropriate();
          }

            function onshow(evt) {
                //for older browsers
                currentlyVisible = true;
                doSomethingIfAppropriate();
            }

            function onhide(evt) {
                //for older browsers
                currentlyVisible = false;
                doSomethingIfAppropriate();
            }

            function doSomethingIfAppropriate() {
                if (currentlyVisible) {
                    //trigger angular digest cycle in this scope
                    scope.$apply(function() {
                        functionOrExpression(scope);
                    });
                }
            }
        }
    };

});

你可以像这样使用它:<div react-on-window-focus="refresh()">，其中refresh()是范围内任何控制器范围内的范围函数。

简单的/立即检查:

if(document.hidden) {
  // do something
}

可见性变化事件:

document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", function() {
  console.log(document.visibilityState); // "hidden" or "visible"
}, false);

基于承诺的事件:

// An `await`able function that resolves when page visibility changes:
function visibilityChange(state="") {
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", function() {
      if(!state || document.visibilityState === state) { 
        resolve(document.visibilityState);
        document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", arguments.callee);
      }
    });
  });
}

// Use it like this:
await visibilityChange();
console.log(document.visibilityState);

// Or wait for page to become...
await visibilityChange("visible");
await visibilityChange("hidden");

(注:后两个解是我加到这个答案里的，因为这个问题现在已经结束了，我不能加我自己的答案。以防有人认为我抄袭了那篇文章而没有注明出处。)

从最初编写这个答案开始，由于W3C，一个新的规范已经达到了推荐状态。页面可见性API(在MDN上)现在允许我们更准确地检测页面何时对用户隐藏。

document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onchange);

当前浏览器支持:

铬13 + Internet Explorer 10+ Firefox 10 + Opera 12.10+[阅读笔记]

下面的代码在不兼容的浏览器中退回到不太可靠的模糊/聚焦方法:

(function() {
  var hidden = "hidden";

  // Standards:
  if (hidden in document)
    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onchange);
  else if ((hidden = "mozHidden") in document)
    document.addEventListener("mozvisibilitychange", onchange);
  else if ((hidden = "webkitHidden") in document)
    document.addEventListener("webkitvisibilitychange", onchange);
  else if ((hidden = "msHidden") in document)
    document.addEventListener("msvisibilitychange", onchange);
  // IE 9 and lower:
  else if ("onfocusin" in document)
    document.onfocusin = document.onfocusout = onchange;
  // All others:
  else
    window.onpageshow = window.onpagehide
    = window.onfocus = window.onblur = onchange;

  function onchange (evt) {
    var v = "visible", h = "hidden",
        evtMap = {
          focus:v, focusin:v, pageshow:v, blur:h, focusout:h, pagehide:h
        };

    evt = evt || window.event;
    if (evt.type in evtMap)
      document.body.className = evtMap[evt.type];
    else
      document.body.className = this[hidden] ? "hidden" : "visible";
  }

  // set the initial state (but only if browser supports the Page Visibility API)
  if( document[hidden] !== undefined )
    onchange({type: document[hidden] ? "blur" : "focus"});
})();

ie9及以下版本需要onfocusin和onfocusout，而所有其他都使用onfocus和onblur，除了iOS，它使用onpageshow和onpagehide。

使用:页面可见性API

document.addEventListener( 'visibilitychange' , function() {
    if (document.hidden) {
        console.log('bye');
    } else {
        console.log('well back');
    }
}, false );

我能用吗?http://caniuse.com/#feat=pagevisibility

我开始使用社区维基答案，但意识到它没有检测alt-tab事件在Chrome。这是因为它使用了第一个可用的事件源，在这种情况下，它是页面可见性API，在Chrome中似乎不跟踪alt-tab。

我决定稍微修改一下脚本，以跟踪页面焦点更改的所有可能事件。这是一个你可以放入的函数:

function onVisibilityChange(callback) {
    var visible = true;

    if (!callback) {
        throw new Error('no callback given');
    }

    function focused() {
        if (!visible) {
            callback(visible = true);
        }
    }

    function unfocused() {
        if (visible) {
            callback(visible = false);
        }
    }

    // Standards:
    if ('hidden' in document) {
        visible = !document.hidden;
        document.addEventListener('visibilitychange',
            function() {(document.hidden ? unfocused : focused)()});
    }
    if ('mozHidden' in document) {
        visible = !document.mozHidden;
        document.addEventListener('mozvisibilitychange',
            function() {(document.mozHidden ? unfocused : focused)()});
    }
    if ('webkitHidden' in document) {
        visible = !document.webkitHidden;
        document.addEventListener('webkitvisibilitychange',
            function() {(document.webkitHidden ? unfocused : focused)()});
    }
    if ('msHidden' in document) {
        visible = !document.msHidden;
        document.addEventListener('msvisibilitychange',
            function() {(document.msHidden ? unfocused : focused)()});
    }
    // IE 9 and lower:
    if ('onfocusin' in document) {
        document.onfocusin = focused;
        document.onfocusout = unfocused;
    }
    // All others:
    window.onpageshow = window.onfocus = focused;
    window.onpagehide = window.onblur = unfocused;
};

像这样使用它:

onVisibilityChange(function(visible) {
    console.log('the page is now', visible ? 'focused' : 'unfocused');
});

该版本监听所有不同的可见性事件，并在其中任何事件导致更改时触发回调。焦点处理程序和非焦点处理程序确保如果多个api捕捉到相同的可见性更改，不会多次调用回调。

这适用于所有现代浏览器:

更改制表符时 更改窗口时(Alt+Tab) 当从任务栏最大化另一个程序时

var eventName;
var visible = true;
var propName = "hidden";
if (propName in document) eventName = "visibilitychange";
else if ((propName = "msHidden") in document) eventName = "msvisibilitychange";
else if ((propName = "mozHidden") in document) eventName = "mozvisibilitychange";
else if ((propName = "webkitHidden") in document) eventName = "webkitvisibilitychange";
if (eventName) document.addEventListener(eventName, handleChange);

if ("onfocusin" in document) document.onfocusin = document.onfocusout = handleChange; //IE 9
window.onpageshow = window.onpagehide = window.onfocus = window.onblur = handleChange;// Changing tab with alt+tab

// Initialize state if Page Visibility API is supported
if (document[propName] !== undefined) handleChange({ type: document[propName] ? "blur" : "focus" });

function handleChange(evt) {
  evt = evt || window.event;
  if (visible && (["blur", "focusout", "pagehide"].includes(evt.type) || (this && this[propName]))){
    visible = false;
    console.log("Out...")
  }
  else if (!visible && (["focus", "focusin", "pageshow"].includes(evt.type) || (this && !this[propName]))){
    visible = true;
    console.log("In...")
  }
}