它们都是不同的技术来达到相同的结果，所以问题是在什么时候使用哪一种。

If you are using a framework or library which you do not have access to the source code and you want to change some behaviors of a class, so you have to go for Template Method. That means inheritance simply. If you are developing a class and it is obvious that some parts of the logic needs to be implemented differently to handle various situations, take the Strategy pattern. Strategy is more SOLID than the Template Method. It covers both Dependency Inversion and Open/Close principles. So it is extendable and also easily testable. If you are developing a class and you do not know what changes will happen in the future, divide your logic into separate and single responsible functions as much as possible. Just that. (Neither Template Method nor Strategy).

在策略模式中，子类起主导作用，它们控制算法。这里的代码是跨子类复制的。算法的知识和如何实现它分布在许多类中。

在模板模式中，基类具有算法。它最大化了子类之间的重用。由于算法在一个地方，基类保护它。

在此设计模式的模板方法中，子类可以覆盖一个或多个算法步骤，以允许不同的行为，同时确保仍然遵循总体算法(Wiki)。

模式名Template方法的意思是它是什么。假设我们有一个方法calculatessomething()，我们想要创建这个方法的模板。此方法将在基类中声明为非虚方法。假设这个方法是这样的。

CalculateSomething(){
    int i = 0;
    i = Step1(i);
    i++;
    if (i> 10) i = 5;
    i = Step2(i);
    return i;

｝ Step1和Step2方法实现可以由派生类给出。

在策略模式中，基类没有提供实现(这就是为什么基类实际上是类图中的接口)。

经典的例子是排序。根据需要排序的对象数量，创建适当的算法类(merge, bubble, quick等)，并将整个算法封装在每个类中。

现在我们可以将排序实现为模板方法了吗?当然可以，但是您不会发现有太多/任何共性可以抽象出来并放置在基本实现中。因此，它违背了模板方法模式的目的。

它们都是不同的技术来达到相同的结果，所以问题是在什么时候使用哪一种。

If you are using a framework or library which you do not have access to the source code and you want to change some behaviors of a class, so you have to go for Template Method. That means inheritance simply. If you are developing a class and it is obvious that some parts of the logic needs to be implemented differently to handle various situations, take the Strategy pattern. Strategy is more SOLID than the Template Method. It covers both Dependency Inversion and Open/Close principles. So it is extendable and also easily testable. If you are developing a class and you do not know what changes will happen in the future, divide your logic into separate and single responsible functions as much as possible. Just that. (Neither Template Method nor Strategy).

模板方法:

它是基于继承的 定义了不能被子类改变的算法框架。只有某些操作可以在子类中被重写 父类完全控制算法，只与具体类的某些步骤不同 绑定在编译时完成

Template_method结构:

策略:

它基于委托/组合 它通过修改方法行为来改变对象的内容 它用来在一系列算法之间切换 它通过在运行时完全将一种算法替换为另一种算法来改变对象在运行时的行为 绑定在运行时完成

战略结构:

为了更好地理解，请查看Template方法和策略文章。

相关文章:

在JDK模板设计模式中，找不到一个方法定义了一组要按顺序执行的方法

策略模式的真实例子

相似之处

策略和模板方法模式之间有很多相似之处。策略和模板方法模式都可以用于满足开闭原则，并使软件模块易于扩展而无需更改其代码。这两种模式都表示通用功能与该功能的详细实现的分离。但是，它们在提供的粒度方面略有不同。

差异

以下是我在研究这两种模式时观察到的一些差异:

In Strategy, the coupling between the client and strategy is more loose whereas in Template Method, the two modules are more tightly coupled. In Strategy, mostly an interface is used though abstract class can also be used depending on the situation, and concrete class is not used whereas in Template method mostly abstract class or concrete class is used, interface is not used. In Strategy pattern, generally entire behaviour of the class is represented in terms of an interface, on the other hand, Template method is used for reducing code duplication and the boilerplate code is defined in base framework or abstract class. In Template Method, there can even be a concrete class with default implementation. In simple words, you can change the entire strategy (algorithm) in Strategy pattern, however, in Template method, only some things change (parts of algorithm) and rest of the things remain unchanged. In Template Method, the invariant steps are implemented in an abstract base class, while the variant steps are either given a default implementation, or no implementation at all. In Template method, the component designer mandates the required steps of an algorithm, and the ordering of the steps, but allows the component client to extend or replace some number of these steps.

图片取自微博客。