我建议你读一下这篇文章。它解释了一个实际案例的差异。

引用自文章

"As one can see implementing classes also depend upon the template method class. This dependency causes to change the template method if one wants to change some of the steps of the algorithm. On the other side strategy completely encapsulates the algorithm. it gives the implementing classes to completely define an algorithm. Therefore if any change arrives one does need to change the code for previously written classes. This was the primary reason I choose strategy for designing up the classes. One feature of template method is that template method controls the algorithm. Which can be a good thing in other situation but in my problem this was restricting me to design the classes. On the other side strategy does not control the steps of an algorithm which enables me to add completely different conversion methods. Hence in my case strategy helps me for implementation. One drawback of strategy is that there is too much code redundancy and less code sharing. As it is obvious in the presented example of this article I have to repeat the same code in four classes again and again. Therefore it is hard to maintain because if the implementation of our system such as step 4 which is common to all is changed then I will have to update this in all 5 classes. On the other side, in template method, I can only change the superclass and the changes are reflected into the sub classes. Therefore template method gives a very low amount of redundancy and high amount of code sharing among the classes. Strategy also allows changing the algorithm at run-time. In template method one will have to re-initialize the object. This feature of strategy provide large amount of flexibility. From design point of view one has to prefer composition over inheritance. Therefore using strategy pattern also became the primary choice for development."

模板模式类似于策略模式。这两种模式在范围和方法上有所不同。

策略用于允许调用者改变整个算法，比如如何计算不同类型的税，而模板方法用于改变算法中的步骤。因此，策略的粒度更粗。模板允许在操作序列中进行细粒度的控制，但允许这些细节的实现有所不同。

另一个主要区别是策略使用委托，而模板方法使用继承。在Strategy中，算法被委托给主题将引用的另一个xxxStrategy类，但在Template中，您可以继承基类并重写方法来进行更改。

从http://cyruscrypt.blogspot.com/2005/07/template-vs-strategy-patterns.html

不，它们的消费方式不一定相同。“模板方法”模式是为未来的实现者提供“指导”的一种方式。您告诉他们，“所有Person对象都必须有一个社会安全号码”(这是一个微不足道的例子，但它正确地传达了思想)。

策略模式允许在多个可能的实现之间切换。它(通常)不是通过继承实现的，而是通过让调用者传入所需的实现来实现的。例如，允许为ShippingCalculator提供几种不同的计算税收的方法之一(可能是NoSalesTax实现和PercentageBasedSalesTax实现)。

有时候，客户端会告诉对象使用哪种策略。就像在

myShippingCalculator.CalculateTaxes(myCaliforniaSalesTaxImpl);

但是客户端永远不会为基于模板方法的对象这样做。事实上，客户端甚至可能不知道对象是基于模板方法的。模板方法模式中的那些抽象方法甚至可能受到保护，在这种情况下，客户端甚至不知道它们的存在。

我建议你读一下这篇文章。它解释了一个实际案例的差异。

引用自文章

"As one can see implementing classes also depend upon the template method class. This dependency causes to change the template method if one wants to change some of the steps of the algorithm. On the other side strategy completely encapsulates the algorithm. it gives the implementing classes to completely define an algorithm. Therefore if any change arrives one does need to change the code for previously written classes. This was the primary reason I choose strategy for designing up the classes. One feature of template method is that template method controls the algorithm. Which can be a good thing in other situation but in my problem this was restricting me to design the classes. On the other side strategy does not control the steps of an algorithm which enables me to add completely different conversion methods. Hence in my case strategy helps me for implementation. One drawback of strategy is that there is too much code redundancy and less code sharing. As it is obvious in the presented example of this article I have to repeat the same code in four classes again and again. Therefore it is hard to maintain because if the implementation of our system such as step 4 which is common to all is changed then I will have to update this in all 5 classes. On the other side, in template method, I can only change the superclass and the changes are reflected into the sub classes. Therefore template method gives a very low amount of redundancy and high amount of code sharing among the classes. Strategy also allows changing the algorithm at run-time. In template method one will have to re-initialize the object. This feature of strategy provide large amount of flexibility. From design point of view one has to prefer composition over inheritance. Therefore using strategy pattern also became the primary choice for development."

在策略模式中，子类起主导作用，它们控制算法。这里的代码是跨子类复制的。算法的知识和如何实现它分布在许多类中。

在模板模式中，基类具有算法。它最大化了子类之间的重用。由于算法在一个地方，基类保护它。

它们都是不同的技术来达到相同的结果，所以问题是在什么时候使用哪一种。

If you are using a framework or library which you do not have access to the source code and you want to change some behaviors of a class, so you have to go for Template Method. That means inheritance simply. If you are developing a class and it is obvious that some parts of the logic needs to be implemented differently to handle various situations, take the Strategy pattern. Strategy is more SOLID than the Template Method. It covers both Dependency Inversion and Open/Close principles. So it is extendable and also easily testable. If you are developing a class and you do not know what changes will happen in the future, divide your logic into separate and single responsible functions as much as possible. Just that. (Neither Template Method nor Strategy).