我经常这样做(需要番石榴库):

ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("SO-POOL-%d").build();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5,namedThreadFactory);

一个快速而肮脏的方法是使用Thread.currentThread().setName(myName);在run()方法中。

private class TaskThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory
{

    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Thread t = new Thread(r, "TASK_EXECUTION_THREAD");

        return t;
    }

}

将ThreadFactory传递给一个executorservice，就可以开始了

你也可以在线程执行之后更改线程的名称:

Thread.currentThread().setName("FooName");

例如，如果您在不同类型的任务中使用相同的ThreadFactory，这可能会很有趣。

Oracle对此有一个开放的RFE。从甲骨文员工的评论来看，他们似乎不理解这个问题，也不会解决。在JDK中支持它是非常简单的事情之一(不会破坏向后兼容性)，所以RFE被误解有点遗憾。

如前所述，您需要实现自己的ThreadFactory。如果您不想为了这个目的而引入Guava或Apache Commons，我在这里提供一个ThreadFactory实现供您使用。除了能够将线程名前缀设置为“pool”之外，它与您从JDK中获得的内容完全相似。

package org.demo.concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

/**
 * ThreadFactory with the ability to set the thread name prefix. 
 * This class is exactly similar to 
 * {@link java.util.concurrent.Executors#defaultThreadFactory()}
 * from JDK8, except for the thread naming feature.
 *
 * <p>
 * The factory creates threads that have names on the form
 * <i>prefix-N-thread-M</i>, where <i>prefix</i>
 * is a string provided in the constructor, <i>N</i> is the sequence number of
 * this factory, and <i>M</i> is the sequence number of the thread created 
 * by this factory.
 */
public class ThreadFactoryWithNamePrefix implements ThreadFactory {

    // Note:  The source code for this class was based entirely on 
    // Executors.DefaultThreadFactory class from the JDK8 source.
    // The only change made is the ability to configure the thread
    // name prefix.


    private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final ThreadGroup group;
    private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
    private final String namePrefix;

    /**
     * Creates a new ThreadFactory where threads are created with a name prefix
     * of <code>prefix</code>.
     *
     * @param prefix Thread name prefix. Never use a value of "pool" as in that
     *      case you might as well have used
     *      {@link java.util.concurrent.Executors#defaultThreadFactory()}.
     */
    public ThreadFactoryWithNamePrefix(String prefix) {
        SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
        group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup()
                : Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
        namePrefix = prefix + "-"
                + poolNumber.getAndIncrement()
                + "-thread-";
    }


    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
                namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
                0);
        if (t.isDaemon()) {
            t.setDaemon(false);
        }
        if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY) {
            t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        }
        return t;
    }
}

当您想要使用它时，只需利用所有Executors方法都允许您提供自己的ThreadFactory这一事实。

This

    Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

将给出一个ExecutorService，其中线程命名为pool-N-thread-M，但使用

    Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ThreadFactoryWithNamePrefix("primecalc"));

您将得到一个ExecutorService，其中线程名为primecalc-N-thread-M。瞧!

我想我要抛出一些简单的例子，只是为了让选项都在那里:

唯一的数字(也可以把它放到一个方法中):

AtomicInteger threadNum = new AtomicInteger(0);
ExecutorService e = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(r -> new Thread(r, "my-name-" + threadNum.incrementAndGet()));

唯一的编号和“可能”唯一的名称(如果您正在生成新的Runnable对象)。如果启动线程是在一个被多次调用的方法中，例如:

AtomicInteger threadNum = new AtomicInteger(0);
ExecutorService e = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(r -> new Thread(r, "my-name-" + threadNum.incrementAndGet() + "-" + r.hashCode()));

如果你真的想每次都有一个唯一的名字，你就需要一个带有静态变量的类(也可以在那里添加一个静态池号前缀，参见其他答案)。

在JDK < 8中等价(你不需要一个新的类，或者可以从一个方法中返回一个ThreadFactory):

Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ThreadFactory() {
      AtomicInteger threadCount = new AtomicInteger(0);

      @Override
      public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        return new Thread(r, "your-name-" + threadCount.getAndIncrement() + "-" + r.hashCode()); // could also use Integer.toHexString(r.hashCode()) for shorter
      }
    }));

并且可以将其作为变量，作为“you-name-”方面的方法。或者像其他答案一样，使用一个单独的带有构造函数的类。