类方法提供了“语义糖”(不知道这个术语是否被广泛使用)——或者“语义便利”。

例如:你有一组表示对象的类。你可能想让类方法all()或find()写User.all()或User.find(firstname='Guido')。当然，这可以使用模块级函数来实现……

这是一个有趣的话题。我对它的理解是，python的classmethod操作起来像一个单例而不是一个工厂(它返回一个类的生成实例)。它是单例的原因是存在一个公共对象(字典)，但只为类生成一次，但由所有实例共享。

为了说明这一点，这里有一个例子。注意，所有实例都有一个对单个字典的引用。这不是我理解的工厂模式。这可能是python独有的。

class M():
 @classmethod
 def m(cls, arg):
     print "arg was",  getattr(cls, "arg" , None),
     cls.arg = arg
     print "arg is" , cls.arg

 M.m(1)   # prints arg was None arg is 1
 M.m(2)   # prints arg was 1 arg is 2
 m1 = M()
 m2 = M() 
 m1.m(3)  # prints arg was 2 arg is 3  
 m2.m(4)  # prints arg was 3 arg is 4 << this breaks the factory pattern theory.
 M.m(5)   # prints arg was 4 arg is 5

@classmethod对于从外部资源轻松实例化该类的对象非常有用。考虑以下几点:

import settings

class SomeClass:
    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls):
        return cls(settings=settings)

    def __init__(self, settings=None):
        if settings is not None:
            self.x = settings['x']
            self.y = settings['y']

然后在另一个文件中:

from some_package import SomeClass

inst = SomeClass.from_settings()

访问inst.x将得到与settings['x']相同的值。

当用户登录我的网站时，user()对象从用户名和密码实例化。

如果我需要一个没有用户在那里登录的用户对象(例如，一个管理用户可能想要删除另一个用户帐户，所以我需要实例化该用户并调用它的delete方法):

我有类方法来获取用户对象。

class User():
    #lots of code
    #...
    # more code

    @classmethod
    def get_by_username(cls, username):
        return cls.query(cls.username == username).get()

    @classmethod
    def get_by_auth_id(cls, auth_id):
        return cls.query(cls.auth_id == auth_id).get()

Think about it this way: normal methods are useful to hide the details of dispatch: you can type myobj.foo() without worrying about whether the foo() method is implemented by the myobj object's class or one of its parent classes. Class methods are exactly analogous to this, but with the class object instead: they let you call MyClass.foo() without having to worry about whether foo() is implemented specially by MyClass because it needed its own specialized version, or whether it is letting its parent class handle the call.

当您在创建实际实例之前进行设置或计算时，类方法是必不可少的，因为在实例存在之前，您显然不能将实例用作方法调用的调度点。在SQLAlchemy源代码中可以看到一个很好的例子;在下面的链接中查看dbapi()类方法:

https://github.com/zzzeek/sqlalchemy/blob/ab6946769742602e40fb9ed9dde5f642885d1906/lib/sqlalchemy/dialects/mssql/pymssql.py#L47

You can see that the dbapi() method, which a database backend uses to import the vendor-specific database library it needs on-demand, is a class method because it needs to run before instances of a particular database connection start getting created — but that it cannot be a simple function or static function, because they want it to be able to call other, supporting methods that might similarly need to be written more specifically in subclasses than in their parent class. And if you dispatch to a function or static class, then you "forget" and lose the knowledge about which class is doing the initializing.

替代构造函数是经典的例子。