我在其他帖子中发现了这个帖子，我认为它包含了最完整的答案，所以我也添加了我的答案:

sed and ed are so useful...by hand. Look at this code from @Johnny: sed -i -e 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt When my restriction is to use it in a shell script, no variable can be used inside in place of "abc" or "XYZ". The BashFAQ seems to agree with what I understand at least. So, I can't use: x='abc' y='XYZ' sed -i -e 's/$x/$y/g' /tmp/file.txt #or, sed -i -e "s/$x/$y/g" /tmp/file.txt but, what can we do? As, @Johnny said use a while read... but, unfortunately that's not the end of the story. The following worked well with me: #edit user's virtual domain result= #if nullglob is set then, unset it temporarily is_nullglob=$( shopt -s | egrep -i '*nullglob' ) if [[ is_nullglob ]]; then shopt -u nullglob fi while IFS= read -r line; do line="${line//'<servername>'/$server}" line="${line//'<serveralias>'/$alias}" line="${line//'<user>'/$user}" line="${line//'<group>'/$group}" result="$result""$line"'\n' done < $tmp echo -e $result > $tmp #if nullglob was set then, re-enable it if [[ is_nullglob ]]; then shopt -s nullglob fi #move user's virtual domain to Apache 2 domain directory ...... As one can see if nullglob is set then, it behaves strangely when there is a string containing a * as in: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.example.com which becomes <VirtualHost ServerName www.example.com there is no ending angle bracket and Apache2 can't even load. This kind of parsing should be slower than one-hit search and replace but, as you already saw, there are four variables for four different search patterns working out of one parse cycle.

在给定的假设下，我能想到的最合适的解决方案。

文件操作通常不是由Bash完成的，而是由Bash调用的程序完成的，例如:

perl -pi -e 's/abc/XYZ/g' /tmp/file.txt

-i标志告诉它进行就地替换。

有关详细信息，请参阅man perlrun，包括如何对原始文件进行备份。

如果在多个文件中一起做更改，我们可以在一行中做:-

user_name='whoami'
for file in file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt; do sed -i -e 's/default_user/${user_name}/g' $file; done

补充如果万一可能有用。

Bash与其他shell一样，只是一个协调其他命令的工具。通常您会尝试使用标准的UNIX命令，但当然您可以使用Bash调用任何东西，包括您自己编译的程序、其他shell脚本、Python和Perl脚本等。

在这种情况下，有几种方法可以做到这一点。

如果你想读取一个文件，并将其写入另一个文件，执行搜索/替换，使用sed:

    sed 's/abc/XYZ/g' <infile >outfile

如果你想就地编辑文件(就像在编辑器中打开文件，编辑它，然后保存它)，向行编辑器'ex'提供指令

    echo "%s/abc/XYZ/g
    w
    q
    " | ex file

示例就像没有全屏模式的vi。您可以向它输入与vi的:prompt相同的命令。

当我被这个绊倒时，我很惊讶……

“mysql-server”包中有一个replace命令，如果你已经安装了它，请尝试一下:

# replace string abc to XYZ in files
replace "abc" "XYZ" -- file.txt file2.txt file3.txt

# or pipe an echo to replace
echo "abcdef" |replace "abc" "XYZ"

关于这一点，请参阅man replace。

你可以使用sed:

sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' /tmp/file.txt

如果你不知道你的文件名，你可以使用find和sed:

find ./ -type f -exec sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' {} \;

在所有Python文件中查找并替换:

find ./ -iname "*.py" -type f -exec sed -i 's/abc/XYZ/gi' {} \;