用Java创建和写入(文本)文件的最简单方法是什么?


当前回答

如果出于某种原因想要将创建和编写行为分开,那么Java中的touch等价物是

try {
   //create a file named "testfile.txt" in the current working directory
   File myFile = new File("testfile.txt");
   if ( myFile.createNewFile() ) {
      System.out.println("Success!");
   } else {
      System.out.println("Failure!");
   }
} catch ( IOException ioe ) { ioe.printStackTrace(); }

createNewFile()执行存在性检查,并自动创建文件。例如,如果您希望在写入文件之前确保自己是文件的创建者,这可能很有用。

其他回答

Use:

try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("myFile.txt"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
    writer.write("text to write");
} 
catch (IOException ex) {
    // Handle me
}  

使用try()将自动关闭流。此版本短、快(缓冲),并支持选择编码。

这个特性是在Java7中引入的。

我认为这是最短的路:

FileWriter fr = new FileWriter("your_file_name.txt"); // After '.' write
// your file extention (".txt" in this case)
fr.write("Things you want to write into the file"); // Warning: this will REPLACE your old file content!
fr.close();

如果我们使用的是Java7及以上版本,并且还知道要添加(附加)到文件中的内容,我们可以使用NIO包中的newBufferedWriter方法。

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Path FILE_PATH = Paths.get("C:/temp", "temp.txt");
    String text = "\n Welcome to Java 8";

    //Writing to the file temp.txt
    try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(FILE_PATH, StandardCharsets.UTF_8, StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
        writer.write(text);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

有几点需要注意:

指定字符集编码总是一个好习惯,因此我们在类StandardCharset中有常量。代码使用try with resource语句,其中资源在try之后自动关闭。

虽然OP没有询问,但为了以防万一我们想搜索具有特定关键字的行,例如机密,我们可以使用Java中的流API:

//Reading from the file the first line which contains word "confidential"
try {
    Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(FILE_PATH);
    Optional<String> containsJava = lines.filter(l->l.contains("confidential")).findFirst();
    if(containsJava.isPresent()){
        System.out.println(containsJava.get());
    }
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

在Java 7及以上版本中:

try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
              new FileOutputStream("filename.txt"), "utf-8"))) {
   writer.write("something");
}

但有一些有用的实用程序:

来自commons io的FileUtils.writeStringtoFile(..)来自番石榴的文件.write(..)

还要注意,您可以使用FileWriter,但它使用默认编码,这通常是一个坏主意-最好显式指定编码。

以下是Java 7之前的原始答案


Writer writer = null;

try {
    writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
          new FileOutputStream("filename.txt"), "utf-8"));
    writer.write("Something");
} catch (IOException ex) {
    // Report
} finally {
   try {writer.close();} catch (Exception ex) {/*ignore*/}
}

另请参阅:读取、写入和创建文件(包括NIO2)。

以下是用Java创建和编写文件的一些可能方法:

使用FileOutputStream

try {
  File fout = new File("myOutFile.txt");
  FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fout);
  BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(fos));
  bw.write("Write somthing to the file ...");
  bw.newLine();
  bw.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e){
  // File was not found
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Problem when writing to the file
  e.printStackTrace();
}

使用FileWriter

try {
  FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("myOutFile.txt");
  fw.write("Example of content");
  fw.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  // File not found
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Error when writing to the file
  e.printStackTrace();
}

使用PrintWriter

try {
  PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter("myOutFile.txt");
  pw.write("Example of content");
  pw.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  // File not found
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Error when writing to the file
  e.printStackTrace();
}

使用OutputStreamWriter

try {
  File fout = new File("myOutFile.txt");
  FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fout);
  OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
  osw.write("Soe content ...");
  osw.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
  // File not found
  e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Error when writing to the file
  e.printStackTrace();
}

有关如何在Java中读写文件的详细信息,请参阅本教程。