在Microsoft SQL Server如何获得查询/存储过程的查询执行计划?
当前回答
预估执行计划
估计的执行计划是由Optimizer在不运行SQL查询的情况下生成的。
为了获得估计的执行计划，您需要在执行查询之前启用SHOWPLAN_ALL设置。
SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON
现在，当执行以下SQL查询时:
SELECT p.id
FROM post p
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM post_comment pc
WHERE
pc.post_id = p.id AND
pc.review = 'Bingo'
)
ORDER BY p.title
OFFSET 20 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY
SQL Server将生成以下估计的执行计划:
| NodeId | Parent | LogicalOp | EstimateRows | EstimateIO | EstimateCPU | AvgRowSize | TotalSubtreeCost | EstimateExecutions |
|--------|--------|----------------------|--------------|-------------|-------------|------------|------------------|--------------------|
| 1 | 0 | NULL | 10 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0.03374284 | NULL |
| 2 | 1 | Top | 10 | 0 | 3.00E-06 | 15 | 0.03374284 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 | Distinct Sort | 30 | 0.01126126 | 0.000504114 | 146 | 0.03373984 | 1 |
| 5 | 4 | Inner Join | 46.698 | 0 | 0.00017974 | 146 | 0.02197446 | 1 |
| 6 | 5 | Clustered Index Scan | 43 | 0.004606482 | 0.0007543 | 31 | 0.005360782 | 1 |
| 7 | 5 | Clustered Index Seek | 1 | 0.003125 | 0.0001581 | 146 | 0.0161733 | 43 |
在运行我们想要获得估计执行计划的查询之后，您需要禁用SHOWPLAN_ALL，否则，当前数据库会话将只生成估计的执行计划，而不是执行提供的SQL查询。
SET SHOWPLAN_ALL OFF
SQL Server Management Studio估计计划
在SQL Server Management Studio应用程序中，您可以通过按CTRL+L快捷键轻松获得任何SQL查询的估计执行计划。
实际执行计划
实际的SQL执行计划由Optimizer在运行SQL查询时生成。如果数据库表统计信息是准确的，那么实际计划应该与估计的计划没有太大差异。
要获得SQL Server上的实际执行计划，需要启用STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE设置，如下SQL命令所示:
SET STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE ON
现在，当运行前面的查询时，SQL Server将生成以下执行计划:
| Rows | Executes | NodeId | Parent | LogicalOp | EstimateRows | EstimateIO | EstimateCPU | AvgRowSize | TotalSubtreeCost |
|------|----------|--------|--------|----------------------|--------------|-------------|-------------|------------|------------------|
| 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NULL | 10 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0.03338978 |
| 10 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Top | 1.00E+01 | 0 | 3.00E-06 | 15 | 0.03338978 |
| 30 | 1 | 4 | 2 | Distinct Sort | 30 | 0.01126126 | 0.000478783 | 146 | 0.03338679 |
| 41 | 1 | 5 | 4 | Inner Join | 44.362 | 0 | 0.00017138 | 146 | 0.02164674 |
| 41 | 1 | 6 | 5 | Clustered Index Scan | 41 | 0.004606482 | 0.0007521 | 31 | 0.005358581 |
| 41 | 41 | 7 | 5 | Clustered Index Seek | 1 | 0.003125 | 0.0001581 | 146 | 0.0158571 |
SQL Server parse and compile time:
CPU time = 8 ms, elapsed time = 8 ms.
(10 row(s) affected)
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'post'. Scan count 0, logical reads 116, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'post_comment'. Scan count 1, logical reads 5, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
(6 row(s) affected)
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 1 ms.
运行查询后，我们感兴趣的是获得实际的执行计划，你需要禁用STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE ON设置，如下所示:
SET STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE OFF
SQL Server Management Studio实际计划
在SQL Server Management Studio应用程序中，您可以通过按CTRL+M快捷键轻松获得任何SQL查询的估计执行计划。
其他回答
与SQL Server Management Studio(已经解释过了)一样，Datagrip也可以在这里解释。
右键单击SQL语句，并选择Explain plan。 在Output窗格中，单击Plan。 默认情况下，您将看到查询的树表示形式。去看 查询计划时，单击“显示可视化”图标，或按 Ctrl + Shift + Alt + U
预估执行计划
估计的执行计划是由Optimizer在不运行SQL查询的情况下生成的。
为了获得估计的执行计划，您需要在执行查询之前启用SHOWPLAN_ALL设置。
SET SHOWPLAN_ALL ON
现在，当执行以下SQL查询时:
SELECT p.id
FROM post p
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT 1
FROM post_comment pc
WHERE
pc.post_id = p.id AND
pc.review = 'Bingo'
)
ORDER BY p.title
OFFSET 20 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY
SQL Server将生成以下估计的执行计划:
| NodeId | Parent | LogicalOp | EstimateRows | EstimateIO | EstimateCPU | AvgRowSize | TotalSubtreeCost | EstimateExecutions |
|--------|--------|----------------------|--------------|-------------|-------------|------------|------------------|--------------------|
| 1 | 0 | NULL | 10 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0.03374284 | NULL |
| 2 | 1 | Top | 10 | 0 | 3.00E-06 | 15 | 0.03374284 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 | Distinct Sort | 30 | 0.01126126 | 0.000504114 | 146 | 0.03373984 | 1 |
| 5 | 4 | Inner Join | 46.698 | 0 | 0.00017974 | 146 | 0.02197446 | 1 |
| 6 | 5 | Clustered Index Scan | 43 | 0.004606482 | 0.0007543 | 31 | 0.005360782 | 1 |
| 7 | 5 | Clustered Index Seek | 1 | 0.003125 | 0.0001581 | 146 | 0.0161733 | 43 |
在运行我们想要获得估计执行计划的查询之后，您需要禁用SHOWPLAN_ALL，否则，当前数据库会话将只生成估计的执行计划，而不是执行提供的SQL查询。
SET SHOWPLAN_ALL OFF
SQL Server Management Studio估计计划
在SQL Server Management Studio应用程序中，您可以通过按CTRL+L快捷键轻松获得任何SQL查询的估计执行计划。
实际执行计划
实际的SQL执行计划由Optimizer在运行SQL查询时生成。如果数据库表统计信息是准确的，那么实际计划应该与估计的计划没有太大差异。
要获得SQL Server上的实际执行计划，需要启用STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE设置，如下SQL命令所示:
SET STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE ON
现在，当运行前面的查询时，SQL Server将生成以下执行计划:
| Rows | Executes | NodeId | Parent | LogicalOp | EstimateRows | EstimateIO | EstimateCPU | AvgRowSize | TotalSubtreeCost |
|------|----------|--------|--------|----------------------|--------------|-------------|-------------|------------|------------------|
| 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | NULL | 10 | NULL | NULL | NULL | 0.03338978 |
| 10 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Top | 1.00E+01 | 0 | 3.00E-06 | 15 | 0.03338978 |
| 30 | 1 | 4 | 2 | Distinct Sort | 30 | 0.01126126 | 0.000478783 | 146 | 0.03338679 |
| 41 | 1 | 5 | 4 | Inner Join | 44.362 | 0 | 0.00017138 | 146 | 0.02164674 |
| 41 | 1 | 6 | 5 | Clustered Index Scan | 41 | 0.004606482 | 0.0007521 | 31 | 0.005358581 |
| 41 | 41 | 7 | 5 | Clustered Index Seek | 1 | 0.003125 | 0.0001581 | 146 | 0.0158571 |
SQL Server parse and compile time:
CPU time = 8 ms, elapsed time = 8 ms.
(10 row(s) affected)
Table 'Worktable'. Scan count 0, logical reads 0, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'post'. Scan count 0, logical reads 116, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
Table 'post_comment'. Scan count 1, logical reads 5, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
(6 row(s) affected)
SQL Server Execution Times:
CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 1 ms.
运行查询后，我们感兴趣的是获得实际的执行计划，你需要禁用STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE ON设置，如下所示:
SET STATISTICS IO, TIME, PROFILE OFF
SQL Server Management Studio实际计划
在SQL Server Management Studio应用程序中，您可以通过按CTRL+M快捷键轻松获得任何SQL查询的估计执行计划。
除了前面所说的，还有一件重要的事情需要知道。
Query plans are often too complex to be represented by the built-in XML column type which has a limitation of 127 levels of nested elements. That is one of the reasons why sys.dm_exec_query_plan may return NULL or even throw an error in earlier MS SQL versions, so generally it's safer to use sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan instead. The latter also has a useful bonus feature of selecting a plan for a particular statement rather than the whole batch. Here's how you use it to view plans for currently running statements:
SELECT p.query_plan
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(
r.plan_handle,
r.statement_start_offset,
r.statement_end_offset) AS p
然而，与XML列相比，结果表中的文本列不是很方便。为了能够单击要在单独的选项卡中作为图表打开的结果，而不必将其内容保存到文件中，您可以使用一个小技巧(记住您不能只使用CAST(…AS XML))，尽管这将只适用于单行:
SELECT Tag = 1, Parent = NULL, [ShowPlanXML!1!!XMLTEXT] = query_plan
FROM sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(
-- set these variables or copy values
-- from the results of the above query
@plan_handle,
@statement_start_offset,
@statement_end_offset)
FOR XML EXPLICIT
在SQL Server Management Studio:
“Ctrl + M”将生成实际执行计划
“Ctrl + L”将生成估计执行计划
“Shift + Alt + S”为客户端统计
“Ctrl + Alt + P”用于SQL Server Profiler中的跟踪查询。
您也可以通过powershell使用SET STATISTICS XML ON来获得实际的计划。我写它是为了将多语句计划合并为一个计划;
########## BEGIN : SCRIPT VARIABLES #####################
[string]$server = '.\MySQLServer'
[string]$database = 'MyDatabase'
[string]$sqlCommand = 'EXEC sp_ExampleSproc'
[string]$XMLOutputFileName = 'sp_ExampleSproc'
[string]$XMLOutputPath = 'C:\SQLDumps\ActualPlans\'
########## END : SCRIPT VARIABLES #####################
#Set up connection
$connectionString = "Persist Security Info=False;Integrated Security=true;Connection Timeout=0;Initial Catalog=$database;Server=$server"
$connection = new-object system.data.SqlClient.SQLConnection($connectionString)
#Set up commands
$command = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand($sqlCommand,$connection)
$command.CommandTimeout = 0
$commandXMLActPlanOn = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand("SET STATISTICS XML ON",$connection)
$commandXMLActPlanOff = new-object system.data.sqlclient.sqlcommand("SET STATISTICS XML OFF",$connection)
$connection.Open()
#Enable session XML plan
$result = $commandXMLActPlanOn.ExecuteNonQuery()
#Execute SP and return resultsets into a dataset
$adapter = New-Object System.Data.sqlclient.sqlDataAdapter $command
$dataset = New-Object System.Data.DataSet
$adapter.Fill($dataSet) | Out-Null
#Set up output file name and path
[string]$fileNameDateStamp = get-date -f yyyyMMdd_HHmmss
[string]$XMLOutputFilePath = "$XMLOutputPath$XMLOutputFileName`_$fileNameDateStamp.sqlplan"
#Pull XML plans out of dataset and merge into one multi-statement plan
[int]$cntr = 1
ForEach($table in $dataset.Tables)
{
if($table.Columns[0].ColumnName -eq "Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan")
{
[string]$fullXMLPlan = $Table.rows[0]."Microsoft SQL Server 2005 XML Showplan"
if($cntr -eq 1)
{
[regex]$rx = "\<ShowPlanXML xmlns\=.{1,}\<Statements\>"
[string]$startXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
[regex]$rx = "\<\/Statements\>.{1,}\<\/ShowPlanXML\>"
[string]$endXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
$startXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
}
[regex]$rx = "\<StmtSimple.{1,}\<\/StmtSimple\>"
[string]$bodyXMLPlan = $rx.Match($fullXMLPlan).Value
$bodyXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
$cntr += 1
}
}
$endXMLPlan | out-file -Append -FilePath $XMLOutputFilePath
#Disable session XML plan
$result = $commandXMLActPlanOff.ExecuteNonQuery()
$connection.Close()
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