如何检查给定的字符串是否是有效的URL地址?
我对正则表达式的知识是基本的，不允许我从我已经在网上看到的数百个正则表达式中进行选择。
当前回答
改进的
检测像这样的url:
https://www.example.pl http://www.example.com www.example.pl example.com http://blog.example.com http://www.example.com/product http://www.example.com/products?id=1&page=2 http://www.example.com#up http://255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 http:// www.site.com: 8008
正则表达式:
/^(?:http(s)?:\/\/)?[\w.-]+(?:\.[\w\.-]+)+[\w\-\._~:/?#[\]@!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=.]+$/gm
其他回答
来自Android开源项目的URL正则表达式
介绍
Android开源项目(AOSP)在Patterns.java中包含多个带有URL正则表达式的代码块。由于使用unicode，非java用户很难从中提取regex模式，因此我编写了一些代码来完成这项工作。因为regex模式包含unicode，其文字字符串语法因编程语言而不同，所以我为每个regex模式添加了两种格式。 例如，Java使用\uUNICODE_NUMBER格式，而PHP使用\u{UNICODE_NUMBER}。
名为“WEB_URL”的模式
API文档描述:
正则表达式模式，以匹配大部分RFC 3987国际化url，即iri。
正则表达式在unicode \uUNICODE_NUMBER (Java, Python, Ruby)格式:
(((?:(?i:http|https|rtsp|ftp)://(?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,64}(?:\:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,25})?\@)?)?(?:(([a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]](?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]_\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]]){0,1}\.)+(xn\-\-[\w\-]{0,58}\w|[a-zA-Z[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]]{2,63})|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[0-9]))))(?:\:\d{1,5})?)([/\?](?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]];/\?:@&=#~\-\.\+!\*'\(\),_\$])|(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}))*)?(?:\b|$|^))```
unicode \u{UNICODE_NUMBER} (PHP)格式的正则表达式:
(((?:(?i:http|https|rtsp|ftp)://(?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,64}(?:\:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,25})?\@)?)?(?:(([a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]](?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]_\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]]){0,1}\.)+(xn\-\-[\w\-]{0,58}\w|[a-zA-Z[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]]{2,63})|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[0-9]))))(?:\:\d{1,5})?)([/\?](?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]];/\?:@&=#~\-\.\+!\*'\(\),_\$])|(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}))*)?(?:\b|$|^))
其他模式
java包含更多的模式，但发布它们将达到Stackoverflow的帖子长度限制。但我将在这里发布它们的API描述，以便您了解它们的存在和用途。我还在下面添加了使用Kotlin输出这些模式的代码。
名为“WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL”的模式
描述:
正则表达式，用于匹配不以受支持协议开头的字符串。这些顶级域名预计将是已知顶级域名之一。
定义:
"("
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ "(?<!:\\/\\/)"
+ "("
+ "(?:" + STRICT_DOMAIN_NAME + ")"
+ "(?:" + PORT_NUMBER + ")?"
+ ")"
+ "(?:" + PATH_AND_QUERY + ")?"
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ ")";
名为WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL的模式
描述:
正则表达式，以匹配以受支持协议开头的字符串。域名和顶级域名的规则更加宽松。tld是可选的。
定义:
"("
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ "(?:"
+ "(?:" + PROTOCOL + "(?:" + USER_INFO + ")?" + ")"
+ "(?:" + RELAXED_DOMAIN_NAME + ")?"
+ "(?:" + PORT_NUMBER + ")?"
+ ")"
+ "(?:" + PATH_AND_QUERY + ")?"
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ ")";
名为AUTOLINK_WEB_URL的模式
描述:
正则表达式模式来匹配IRIs。如果字符串以 http(s)://表达式尝试用 放宽顶级域名规则。如果字符串不是以http(s)://开头 顶级域名应该是已知顶级域名之一。
定义:
"(" + WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL + "|" + WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL + ")")
从AOSP patterns .java输出模式的代码
这段代码是用Kotlin(一种基于Java JVM的语言)编写的。If将regex模式从AOSP patterns .java转换为可读的格式:
import java.util.regex.Pattern
fun createPattern(pattern: Pattern, unicodeStringFormat: String): String =
pattern.toString().flatMap {
val charCode = it.code
if (charCode > 126) {
unicodeStringFormat.format(charCode).toList()
} else {
listOf(it)
}
}.joinToString("")
fun main() {
val unicodeStringFormatJava = "\\u%04x"
val unicodeStringFormatPHP = "\\u{%04x}"
// Pattern: WEB_URL
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: AUTOLINK_WEB_URL
println(createPattern(Patterns.AUTOLINK_WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.AUTOLINK_WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL (variable modified to public visibility)
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL (variable modified to public visibility)
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatPHP))
}
一个简单的URL检查是
^(ftp|http|https):\/\/[^ "]+$
我编写了符合RFC 3987 (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3987.html)的URL(实际上是IRI，国际化)模式。这些是PCRE语法。
对于绝对iri(国际化):
/^[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[0-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{100000}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?$/i
也允许相对的IRIs:
/^(?:[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[0-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{100000}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?|(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[0-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=@])+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{100000}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?)$/i
它们是如何编译的(PHP):
<?php
/* Regex convenience functions (character class, non-capturing group) */
function cc($str, $suffix = '', $negate = false) {
return '[' . ($negate ? '^' : '') . $str . ']' . $suffix;
}
function ncg($str, $suffix = '') {
return '(?:' . $str . ')' . $suffix;
}
/* Preserved from RFC3986 */
$ALPHA = 'a-z';
$DIGIT = '0-9';
$HEXDIG = $DIGIT . 'a-f';
$sub_delims = '!\\$&\'\\(\\)\\*\\+,;=';
$gen_delims = ':\\/\\?\\#\\[\\]@';
$reserved = $gen_delims . $sub_delims;
$unreserved = '-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\._~';
$pct_encoded = '%' . cc($HEXDIG) . cc($HEXDIG);
$dec_octet = ncg(implode('|', array(
cc($DIGIT),
cc('1-9') . cc($DIGIT),
'1' . cc($DIGIT) . cc($DIGIT),
'2' . cc('0-4') . cc($DIGIT),
'25' . cc('0-5')
)));
$IPv4address = $dec_octet . ncg('\\.' . $dec_octet, '{3}');
$h16 = cc($HEXDIG, '{1,4}');
$ls32 = ncg($h16 . ':' . $h16 . '|' . $IPv4address);
$IPv6address = ncg(implode('|', array(
ncg($h16 . ':', '{6}') . $ls32,
'::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{5}') . $ls32,
ncg($h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{4}') . $ls32,
ncg($h16 . ':' . $h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{3}') . $ls32,
ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{0,2}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{2}') . $ls32,
ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{0,3}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $h16 . ':' . $ls32,
ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{0,4}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $ls32,
ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{0,5}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $h16,
ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{0,6}') . $h16, '?') . '::',
)));
$IPvFuture = 'v' . cc($HEXDIG, '+') . cc($unreserved . $sub_delims . ':', '+');
$IP_literal = '\\[' . ncg(implode('|', array($IPv6address, $IPvFuture))) . '\\]';
$port = cc($DIGIT, '*');
$scheme = cc($ALPHA) . ncg(cc('-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\+\\.'), '*');
/* New or changed in RFC3987 */
$iprivate = '\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{100000}-\x{10FFFD}';
$ucschar = '\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}' .
'\x{10000}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}' .
'\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}' .
'\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}' .
'\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}' .
'\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}';
$iunreserved = '-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\._~' . $ucschar;
$ipchar = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . ':@'));
$ifragment = ncg($ipchar . '|' . cc('\\/\\?'), '*');
$iquery = ncg($ipchar . '|' . cc($iprivate . '\\/\\?'), '*');
$isegment_nz_nc = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . '@'), '+');
$isegment_nz = ncg($ipchar, '+');
$isegment = ncg($ipchar, '*');
$ipath_empty = '(?!' . $ipchar . ')';
$ipath_rootless = ncg($isegment_nz) . ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*');
$ipath_noscheme = ncg($isegment_nz_nc) . ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*');
$ipath_absolute = '\\/' . ncg($ipath_rootless, '?'); // Spec says isegment-nz *( "/" isegment )
$ipath_abempty = ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*');
$ipath = ncg(implode('|', array(
$ipath_abempty,
$ipath_absolute,
$ipath_noscheme,
$ipath_rootless,
$ipath_empty
))) . ')';
$ireg_name = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . '@'), '*');
$ihost = ncg(implode('|', array($IP_literal, $IPv4address, $ireg_name)));
$iuserinfo = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . ':'), '*');
$iauthority = ncg($iuserinfo . '@', '?') . $ihost . ncg(':' . $port, '?');
$irelative_part = ncg(implode('|', array(
'\\/\\/' . $iauthority . $ipath_abempty . '',
'' . $ipath_absolute . '',
'' . $ipath_noscheme . '',
'' . $ipath_empty . ''
)));
$irelative_ref = $irelative_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?') . ncg('\\#' . $ifragment, '?');
$ihier_part = ncg(implode('|', array(
'\\/\\/' . $iauthority . $ipath_abempty . '',
'' . $ipath_absolute . '',
'' . $ipath_rootless . '',
'' . $ipath_empty . ''
)));
$absolute_IRI = $scheme . ':' . $ihier_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?');
$IRI = $scheme . ':' . $ihier_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?') . ncg('\\#' . $ifragment, '?');
$IRI_reference = ncg($IRI . '|' . $irelative_ref);
2011年3月7日编辑:由于PHP在带引号的字符串中处理反斜杠的方式，默认情况下这些是不可用的。你需要双转义反斜杠，除非反斜杠在正则表达式中有特殊含义。你可以这样做:
$escape_backslash = '/(?<!\\)\\(?![\[\]\\\^\$\.\|\*\+\(\)QEnrtaefvdwsDWSbAZzB1-9GX]|x\{[0-9a-f]{1,4}\}|\c[A-Z]|)/';
$absolute_IRI = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $absolute_IRI);
$IRI = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $IRI);
$IRI_reference = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $IRI_reference);
我创建了一个类似于RFC3987和其他RFC文档提供的@eyelidlessness的正则表达式(PCRE)。@eyelidlessness和我的正则表达式之间的主要区别主要是可读性和URN支持。
下面的正则表达式是一个整体(而不是与PHP混合)，所以它可以很容易地用于不同的语言(只要它们支持PCRE)
测试这个正则表达式最简单的方法是使用regex101，并使用适当的修饰符(gmx)复制粘贴下面的代码和测试字符串。
要在PHP中使用这个正则表达式，请将下面的正则表达式插入到以下代码中:
$regex = <<<'EOD'
// Put the regex here
EOD;
可以通过以下方式匹配不带方案的链路: 要匹配一个没有方案的链接(例如john.doe@gmail.com或www.google.com/pathtofile.php?query)，替换此部分:
(?:
(?<scheme>
(?<urn>urn)|
(?&d_scheme)
)
:
)?
用这个:
(?:
(?<scheme>
(?<urn>urn)|
(?&d_scheme)
)
:
)?
但是请注意，通过替换它，regex并不是100%可靠。 使用gmx修饰符的Regex (PCRE)用于下面的多行测试字符串
(?(DEFINE)
# Definitions
(?<ALPHA>[\p{L}])
(?<DIGIT>[0-9])
(?<HEX>[0-9a-fA-F])
(?<NCCHAR>
(?&UNRESERVED)|
(?&PCT_ENCODED)|
(?&SUB_DELIMS)|
@
)
(?<PCHAR>
(?&UNRESERVED)|
(?&PCT_ENCODED)|
(?&SUB_DELIMS)|
:|
@|
\/
)
(?<UCHAR>
(?&UNRESERVED)|
(?&PCT_ENCODED)|
(?&SUB_DELIMS)|
:
)
(?<RCHAR>
(?&UNRESERVED)|
(?&PCT_ENCODED)|
(?&SUB_DELIMS)
)
(?<PCT_ENCODED>%(?&HEX){2})
(?<UNRESERVED>
((?&ALPHA)|(?&DIGIT)|[-._~])
)
(?<RESERVED>(?&GEN_DELIMS)|(?&SUB_DELIMS))
(?<GEN_DELIMS>[:\/?#\[\]@])
(?<SUB_DELIMS>[!$&'()*+,;=])
# URI Parts
(?<d_scheme>
(?!urn)
(?:
(?&ALPHA)
((?&ALPHA)|(?&DIGIT)|[+-.])*
(?=:)
)
)
(?<d_hier_part_slashes>
(\/{2})?
)
(?<d_authority>(?&d_userinfo)?)
(?<d_userinfo>(?&UCHAR)*)
(?<d_ipv6>
(?![^:]*::[^:]*::[^:]*)
(
(
((?&HEX){0,4})
:
){1,7}
((?&d_ipv4)|:|(?&HEX){1,4})
)
)
(?<d_ipv4>
((?&octet)\.){3}
(?&octet)
)
(?<octet>
(
25[]0-5]|
2[0-4](?&DIGIT)|
1(?&DIGIT){2}|
[1-9](?&DIGIT)|
(?&DIGIT)
)
)
(?<d_reg_name>(?&RCHAR)*)
(?<d_urn_name>(?&UCHAR)*)
(?<d_port>(?&DIGIT)*)
(?<d_path>
(
\/
((?&PCHAR)*)*
(?=\?|\#|$)
)
)
(?<d_query>
(
((?&PCHAR)|\/|\?)*
)?
)
(?<d_fragment>
(
((?&PCHAR)|\/|\?)*
)?
)
)
^
(?<link>
(?:
(?<scheme>
(?<urn>urn)|
(?&d_scheme)
)
:
)
(?(urn)
(?:
(?<namespace_identifier>[0-9a-zA-Z\-]+)
:
(?<namespace_specific_string>(?&d_urn_name)+)
)
|
(?<hier_part>
(?<slashes>(?&d_hier_part_slashes))
(?<authority>
(?:
(?<userinfo>(?&d_authority))
@
)?
(?<host>
(?<ipv4>\[?(?&d_ipv4)\]?)|
(?<ipv6>\[(?&d_ipv6)\])|
(?<domain>(?&d_reg_name))
)
(?:
:
(?<port>(?&d_port))
)?
)
(?<path>(?&d_path))?
)
(?:
\?
(?<query>(?&d_query))
)?
(?:
\#
(?<fragment>(?&d_fragment))
)?
)
)
$
测试字符串
# Valid URIs
ftp://cnn.example.com&story=breaking_news@10.0.0.1/top_story.htm
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt
ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass?one
mailto:John.Doe@example.com
news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix
tel:+1-816-555-1212
telnet://192.0.2.16:80/
urn:isbn:0451450523
urn:oid:2.16.840
urn:isan:0000-0000-9E59-0000-O-0000-0000-2
urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2
http://localhost/test/somefile.php?query=someval&variable=value#fragment
http://[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1]/test
ftp://username:password@domain.com/path/to/file/somefile.html?queryVariable=value#fragment
https://subdomain.domain.com/path/to/file.php?query=value#fragment
https://subdomain.example.com/path/to/file.php?query=value#fragment
mailto:john.smith(comment)@example.com
mailto:user@[2001:DB8::1]
mailto:user@[255:192:168:1]
mailto:M.Handley@cs.ucl.ac.uk
http://localhost:4433/path/to/file?query#fragment
# Note that the example below IS a valid as it does follow RFC standards
localhost:4433/path/to/file
# These work with the optional scheme group although I'd suggest making the scheme mandatory as misinterpretations can occur
john.doe@gmail.com
www.google.com/pathtofile.php?query
[192a:123::192.168.1.1]:80/path/to/file.html?query#fragment
什么平台?如果使用。net，请使用System.Uri。TryCreate，不是正则表达式。
例如:
static bool IsValidUrl(string urlString)
{
Uri uri;
return Uri.TryCreate(urlString, UriKind.Absolute, out uri)
&& (uri.Scheme == Uri.UriSchemeHttp
|| uri.Scheme == Uri.UriSchemeHttps
|| uri.Scheme == Uri.UriSchemeFtp
|| uri.Scheme == Uri.UriSchemeMailto
/*...*/);
}
// In test fixture...
[Test]
void IsValidUrl_Test()
{
Assert.True(IsValidUrl("http://www.example.com"));
Assert.False(IsValidUrl("javascript:alert('xss')"));
Assert.False(IsValidUrl(""));
Assert.False(IsValidUrl(null));
}
(感谢@Yoshi提供javascript技巧:)
