如何检查给定的字符串是否是有效的URL地址?
我对正则表达式的知识是基本的，不允许我从我已经在网上看到的数百个正则表达式中进行选择。
当前回答
我一直在写一篇深入的文章，讨论使用正则表达式进行URI验证。它基于RFC3986。
正则表达式URI验证
虽然这篇文章还不完整，但我已经提出了一个PHP函数，它在验证HTTP和FTP url方面做得非常好。以下是当前版本:
// function url_valid($url) { Rev:20110423_2000
//
// Return associative array of valid URI components, or FALSE if $url is not
// RFC-3986 compliant. If the passed URL begins with: "www." or "ftp.", then
// "http://" or "ftp://" is prepended and the corrected full-url is stored in
// the return array with a key name "url". This value should be used by the caller.
//
// Return value: FALSE if $url is not valid, otherwise array of URI components:
// e.g.
// Given: "http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone"
// Array(
// [scheme] => http
// [authority] => www.jmrware.com:80
// [userinfo] =>
// [host] => www.jmrware.com
// [IP_literal] =>
// [IPV6address] =>
// [ls32] =>
// [IPvFuture] =>
// [IPv4address] =>
// [regname] => www.jmrware.com
// [port] => 80
// [path_abempty] => /articles
// [query] => height=10&width=75
// [fragment] => fragone
// [url] => http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone
// )
function url_valid($url) {
if (strpos($url, 'www.') === 0) $url = 'http://'. $url;
if (strpos($url, 'ftp.') === 0) $url = 'ftp://'. $url;
if (!preg_match('/# Valid absolute URI having a non-empty, valid DNS host.
^
(?P<scheme>[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-.]*):\/\/
(?P<authority>
(?:(?P<userinfo>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)@)?
(?P<host>
(?P<IP_literal>
\[
(?:
(?P<IPV6address>
(?: (?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}
| ::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}
| (?: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
(?P<ls32>[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
)
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
| (?P<IPvFuture>[Vv][0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]+)
)
\]
)
| (?P<IPv4address>(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))
| (?P<regname>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)
)
(?::(?P<port>[0-9]*))?
)
(?P<path_abempty>(?:\/(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)*)
(?:\?(?P<query> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
(?:\#(?P<fragment> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
$
/mx', $url, $m)) return FALSE;
switch ($m['scheme']) {
case 'https':
case 'http':
if ($m['userinfo']) return FALSE; // HTTP scheme does not allow userinfo.
break;
case 'ftps':
case 'ftp':
break;
default:
return FALSE; // Unrecognized URI scheme. Default to FALSE.
}
// Validate host name conforms to DNS "dot-separated-parts".
if ($m['regname']) { // If host regname specified, check for DNS conformance.
if (!preg_match('/# HTTP DNS host name.
^ # Anchor to beginning of string.
(?!.{256}) # Overall host length is less than 256 chars.
(?: # Group dot separated host part alternatives.
[A-Za-z0-9]\. # Either a single alphanum followed by dot
| # or... part has more than one char (63 chars max).
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part first char is alphanum (no dash).
[A-Za-z0-9\-]{0,61} # Internal chars are alphanum plus dash.
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part last char is alphanum (no dash).
\. # Each part followed by literal dot.
)* # Zero or more parts before top level domain.
(?: # Explicitly specify top level domains.
com|edu|gov|int|mil|net|org|biz|
info|name|pro|aero|coop|museum|
asia|cat|jobs|mobi|tel|travel|
[A-Za-z]{2}) # Country codes are exactly two alpha chars.
\.? # Top level domain can end in a dot.
$ # Anchor to end of string.
/ix', $m['host'])) return FALSE;
}
$m['url'] = $url;
for ($i = 0; isset($m[$i]); ++$i) unset($m[$i]);
return $m; // return TRUE == array of useful named $matches plus the valid $url.
}
这个函数使用了两个正则表达式;一个用于匹配有效通用uri的子集(具有非空主机的绝对uri)，另一个用于验证DNS“点分隔部分”主机名。虽然这个函数目前只验证HTTP和FTP方案，但它的结构使它可以很容易地扩展以处理其他方案。
其他回答
关于眼睑问题，他的回答是“这是基于我对URI规范的阅读。”谢谢眼睑，你的是我寻求的完美的解决方案，因为它是基于URI规范!出色的工作。：）
我不得不做了两个修改。第一个在PHP (v5.2.10)中使用preg_match()函数使regexp正确匹配IP地址url的方法。
我不得不在管道周围的“IP Address”上方的行中添加一组括号:
)|((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}(?#
不知道为什么。
我还将顶级域名的最小长度从3个字母减少到2个字母，以支持.co。英国和类似国家。
最后的代码:
/^(https?|ftp):\/\/(?# protocol
)(([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+(?# username
)(:([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+)?(?# password
)@)?(?# auth requires @
)((([a-z0-9]\.|[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]\.)*(?# domain segments AND
)[a-z][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9](?# top level domain OR
)|((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}(?#
)(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?# IP address
))(:\d+)?(?# port
))(((\/+([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)*(?# path
)(\?([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)(?# query string
)?)?)?(?# path and query string optional
)(#([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)?(?# fragment
)$/i
这个修改后的版本没有根据URI规范进行检查，所以我不能保证它的合规性，它被修改为处理本地网络环境中的URL和两位tld以及其他类型的Web URL，并在我使用的PHP设置中更好地工作。
作为PHP代码:
define('URL_FORMAT',
'/^(https?):\/\/'. // protocol
'(([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+'. // username
'(:([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+)?'. // password
'@)?(?#'. // auth requires @
')((([a-z0-9]\.|[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]\.)*'. // domain segments AND
'[a-z][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]'. // top level domain OR
'|((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}'.
'(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])'. // IP address
')(:\d+)?'. // port
')(((\/+([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)*'. // path
'(\?([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)'. // query string
'?)?)?'. // path and query string optional
'(#([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)?'. // fragment
'$/i');
下面是一个PHP测试程序，它使用正则表达式验证各种url:
<?php
define('URL_FORMAT',
'/^(https?):\/\/'. // protocol
'(([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+'. // username
'(:([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;\?&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})+)?'. // password
'@)?(?#'. // auth requires @
')((([a-z0-9]\.|[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]\.)*'. // domain segments AND
'[a-z][a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]'. // top level domain OR
'|((\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}'.
'(\d|[1-9]\d|1\d{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])'. // IP address
')(:\d+)?'. // port
')(((\/+([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)*'. // path
'(\?([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)'. // query string
'?)?)?'. // path and query string optional
'(#([a-z0-9$_\.\+!\*\'\(\),;:@&=-]|%[0-9a-f]{2})*)?'. // fragment
'$/i');
/**
* Verify the syntax of the given URL.
*
* @access public
* @param $url The URL to verify.
* @return boolean
*/
function is_valid_url($url) {
if (str_starts_with(strtolower($url), 'http://localhost')) {
return true;
}
return preg_match(URL_FORMAT, $url);
}
/**
* String starts with something
*
* This function will return true only if input string starts with
* niddle
*
* @param string $string Input string
* @param string $niddle Needle string
* @return boolean
*/
function str_starts_with($string, $niddle) {
return substr($string, 0, strlen($niddle)) == $niddle;
}
/**
* Test a URL for validity and count results.
* @param url url
* @param expected expected result (true or false)
*/
$numtests = 0;
$passed = 0;
function test_url($url, $expected) {
global $numtests, $passed;
$numtests++;
$valid = is_valid_url($url);
echo "URL Valid?: " . ($valid?"yes":"no") . " for URL: $url. Expected: ".($expected?"yes":"no").". ";
if($valid == $expected) {
echo "PASS\n"; $passed++;
} else {
echo "FAIL\n";
}
}
echo "URL Tests:\n\n";
test_url("http://localserver/projects/public/assets/javascript/widgets/UserBoxMenu/widget.css", true);
test_url("http://www.google.com", true);
test_url("http://www.google.co.uk/projects/my%20folder/test.php", true);
test_url("https://myserver.localdomain", true);
test_url("http://192.168.1.120/projects/index.php", true);
test_url("http://192.168.1.1/projects/index.php", true);
test_url("http://projectpier-server.localdomain/projects/public/assets/javascript/widgets/UserBoxMenu/widget.css", true);
test_url("https://2.4.168.19/project-pier?c=test&a=b", true);
test_url("https://localhost/a/b/c/test.php?c=controller&arg1=20&arg2=20", true);
test_url("http://user:password@localhost/a/b/c/test.php?c=controller&arg1=20&arg2=20", true);
echo "\n$passed out of $numtests tests passed.\n\n";
?>
再次感谢regex的虚实!
最佳正则表达式是这里最佳答案的组合!哈哈哈!我刚刚测试了它们，并把最好的放在一起!我稍微改变了一下，只有一个捕获组!我在这个页面的源代码中找到了637个url !只有几个假阳性!
((?:(?:https?|ftp)://)(?:\S+(?::\S*)?@|\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,3}){3}|(?:(?:[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+-?)*[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+)(?:\.(?:[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+-?)*[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+)*(?:\.[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,6}))(?::\d+)?(?:[^\s]*)|(?:(?:(?:[A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.-]+(?::[0-9]+)?|(?:www.|[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?:(?:\/[\+~%\/.\w-_]*)?\??(?:[-\+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[\w]*))?)|(?:(?:(?:(?:[A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.-]+|(?:www.|[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?:(?:\/[\+~%\/.\w-_]*)?\??(?:[-\+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[\w]*))?))|(?:(?:(?:[\\w]+:)?//)?(?:(?:[\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})+(?::(?:[\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})+)?@)?(?:[\\d\\w][-\\d\\w]{0,253}[\\d\\w]\\.)+[\\w]{2,4}(?::[\\d]+)?(?:/(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})*)*(?:\\?(?:&?(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(?:#(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})*)?)|(?:https?:\/\/(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])(?::?\d*)\/?(?:[a-z_\/0-9\-#.]*)\??(?:[a-z_\/0-9\-#=&]*)|(?:(?:(?:https?:)?(?:\/?\/))(?:(?:[\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+(?::(?:[\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+)?@)?(?:[\d\w][-\d\w]{0,253}[\d\w]\.)+[\w]{2,63}(?::[\d]+)?(?:/(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)*(?:\?(?:&?(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(?:#(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)?)|(?:(?:https?|ftp)://(?:www\d?|[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\:|\.)(?:[a-zA-Z0-9.]+|(?:\d+)?)(?:[/?:].*)?)|(?:\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/)(?:\S+(?::\S*)?@)?(?:(?!10(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})(?!127(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})(?!169\.254(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?!192\.168(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?!172\.(?:1[6-9]|2\d|3[0-1])(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])(?:\.(?:1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\.(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))|(?:(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)(?:\.(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)*(?:\.(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,})))(?::\d{2,5})?(?:\/[^\s]*)?\b))
获取URL的部分(Regex)这篇文章讨论了解析URL以识别其各个组件。如果您想检查URL是否格式良好，它应该足以满足您的需求。
如果你需要检查它是否有效，你最终将不得不尝试访问另一端的任何东西。
不过，一般来说，使用框架或其他库提供的函数可能会更好。许多平台都包含了解析url的函数。例如，有Python的urlparse模块，在。net中你可以使用System模块。类的构造函数，作为验证URL的一种方法。
来自Android开源项目的URL正则表达式
介绍
Android开源项目(AOSP)在Patterns.java中包含多个带有URL正则表达式的代码块。由于使用unicode，非java用户很难从中提取regex模式，因此我编写了一些代码来完成这项工作。因为regex模式包含unicode，其文字字符串语法因编程语言而不同，所以我为每个regex模式添加了两种格式。 例如，Java使用\uUNICODE_NUMBER格式，而PHP使用\u{UNICODE_NUMBER}。
名为“WEB_URL”的模式
API文档描述:
正则表达式模式，以匹配大部分RFC 3987国际化url，即iri。
正则表达式在unicode \uUNICODE_NUMBER (Java, Python, Ruby)格式:
(((?:(?i:http|https|rtsp|ftp)://(?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,64}(?:\:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,25})?\@)?)?(?:(([a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]](?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]_\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]]){0,1}\.)+(xn\-\-[\w\-]{0,58}\w|[a-zA-Z[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]]]{2,63})|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[0-9]))))(?:\:\d{1,5})?)([/\?](?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u00a0-\ud7ff\uf900-\ufdcf\ufdf0-\uffef\ud800\udc00-\ud83f\udffd\ud840\udc00-\ud87f\udffd\ud880\udc00-\ud8bf\udffd\ud8c0\udc00-\ud8ff\udffd\ud900\udc00-\ud93f\udffd\ud940\udc00-\ud97f\udffd\ud980\udc00-\ud9bf\udffd\ud9c0\udc00-\ud9ff\udffd\uda00\udc00-\uda3f\udffd\uda40\udc00-\uda7f\udffd\uda80\udc00-\udabf\udffd\udac0\udc00-\udaff\udffd\udb00\udc00-\udb3f\udffd\udb44\udc00-\udb7f\udffd&&[^\u00a0[\u2000-\u200a]\u2028\u2029\u202f\u3000]];/\?:@&=#~\-\.\+!\*'\(\),_\$])|(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}))*)?(?:\b|$|^))```
unicode \u{UNICODE_NUMBER} (PHP)格式的正则表达式:
(((?:(?i:http|https|rtsp|ftp)://(?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,64}(?:\:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\$\-\_\.\+\!\*\'\(\)\,\;\?\&\=]|(?:\%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})){1,25})?\@)?)?(?:(([a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]](?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]_\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]]){0,1}\.)+(xn\-\-[\w\-]{0,58}\w|[a-zA-Z[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]]]{2,63})|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9])\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[1-9]|0)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]|[0-9]))))(?:\:\d{1,5})?)([/\?](?:(?:[a-zA-Z0-9[\u{00a0}-\u{d7ff}\u{f900}-\u{fdcf}\u{fdf0}-\u{ffef}\u{d800}\u{dc00}-\u{d83f}\u{dffd}\u{d840}\u{dc00}-\u{d87f}\u{dffd}\u{d880}\u{dc00}-\u{d8bf}\u{dffd}\u{d8c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d8ff}\u{dffd}\u{d900}\u{dc00}-\u{d93f}\u{dffd}\u{d940}\u{dc00}-\u{d97f}\u{dffd}\u{d980}\u{dc00}-\u{d9bf}\u{dffd}\u{d9c0}\u{dc00}-\u{d9ff}\u{dffd}\u{da00}\u{dc00}-\u{da3f}\u{dffd}\u{da40}\u{dc00}-\u{da7f}\u{dffd}\u{da80}\u{dc00}-\u{dabf}\u{dffd}\u{dac0}\u{dc00}-\u{daff}\u{dffd}\u{db00}\u{dc00}-\u{db3f}\u{dffd}\u{db44}\u{dc00}-\u{db7f}\u{dffd}&&[^\u{00a0}[\u{2000}-\u{200a}]\u{2028}\u{2029}\u{202f}\u{3000}]];/\?:@&=#~\-\.\+!\*'\(\),_\$])|(?:%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}))*)?(?:\b|$|^))
其他模式
java包含更多的模式，但发布它们将达到Stackoverflow的帖子长度限制。但我将在这里发布它们的API描述，以便您了解它们的存在和用途。我还在下面添加了使用Kotlin输出这些模式的代码。
名为“WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL”的模式
描述:
正则表达式，用于匹配不以受支持协议开头的字符串。这些顶级域名预计将是已知顶级域名之一。
定义:
"("
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ "(?<!:\\/\\/)"
+ "("
+ "(?:" + STRICT_DOMAIN_NAME + ")"
+ "(?:" + PORT_NUMBER + ")?"
+ ")"
+ "(?:" + PATH_AND_QUERY + ")?"
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ ")";
名为WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL的模式
描述:
正则表达式，以匹配以受支持协议开头的字符串。域名和顶级域名的规则更加宽松。tld是可选的。
定义:
"("
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ "(?:"
+ "(?:" + PROTOCOL + "(?:" + USER_INFO + ")?" + ")"
+ "(?:" + RELAXED_DOMAIN_NAME + ")?"
+ "(?:" + PORT_NUMBER + ")?"
+ ")"
+ "(?:" + PATH_AND_QUERY + ")?"
+ WORD_BOUNDARY
+ ")";
名为AUTOLINK_WEB_URL的模式
描述:
正则表达式模式来匹配IRIs。如果字符串以 http(s)://表达式尝试用 放宽顶级域名规则。如果字符串不是以http(s)://开头 顶级域名应该是已知顶级域名之一。
定义:
"(" + WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL + "|" + WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL + ")")
从AOSP patterns .java输出模式的代码
这段代码是用Kotlin(一种基于Java JVM的语言)编写的。If将regex模式从AOSP patterns .java转换为可读的格式:
import java.util.regex.Pattern
fun createPattern(pattern: Pattern, unicodeStringFormat: String): String =
pattern.toString().flatMap {
val charCode = it.code
if (charCode > 126) {
unicodeStringFormat.format(charCode).toList()
} else {
listOf(it)
}
}.joinToString("")
fun main() {
val unicodeStringFormatJava = "\\u%04x"
val unicodeStringFormatPHP = "\\u{%04x}"
// Pattern: WEB_URL
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: AUTOLINK_WEB_URL
println(createPattern(Patterns.AUTOLINK_WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.AUTOLINK_WEB_URL, unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL (variable modified to public visibility)
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITH_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatPHP))
// Pattern: WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL (variable modified to public visibility)
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatJava))
println(createPattern(Patterns.WEB_URL_WITHOUT_PROTOCOL.toPattern(), unicodeStringFormatPHP))
}
我无法找到我正在寻找的正则表达式，所以我修改了一个正则表达式来满足我的要求，显然现在它似乎工作得很好。我的要求是:
匹配带有协议的url (www.gooogle.com) 使用查询参数和路径匹配url (http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e) 不要匹配有不可接受字符的url(例如。' '£)，例如:(www.google.com/somthing"/somethingmore)
以下是我的想法，任何建议都很感激:
@Test
public void testWebsiteUrl(){
String regularExpression = "((http|ftp|https):\\/\\/)?[\\w\\-_]+(\\.[\\w\\-_]+)+([\\w\\-\\.,@?^=%&:/~\\+#]*[\\w\\-\\@?^=%&/~\\+#])?";
assertTrue("www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("https://www.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("https://www.google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.co.uk".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("google.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("mes.intnet.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("cse.uom.ac.mu".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/path".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/?queryparam=123".matches(regularExpression));
assertTrue("http://www.google.com/path?queryparam=123".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("www..dr.google".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("www:google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www@.google.com".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www.google.com\"".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("https://www.google.com'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/path'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://subdomain.web-site.com/cgi-bin/perl.cgi?key1=value1&key2=value2e'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/?queryparam=123'".matches(regularExpression));
assertFalse("http://www.google.com/path?queryparam=12'3".matches(regularExpression));
}
