如何检查给定的字符串是否是有效的URL地址?
我对正则表达式的知识是基本的,不允许我从我已经在网上看到的数百个正则表达式中进行选择。
如何检查给定的字符串是否是有效的URL地址?
我对正则表达式的知识是基本的,不允许我从我已经在网上看到的数百个正则表达式中进行选择。
当前回答
下面是我从URL中提取不同部分的正则表达式:
^ ((? (?): http | | ws ftp) s ? | sftp ):\/\/?)?([^:/\ s .#?]+\.[^:/\ s / # ?] + | localhost) (d: \ +)?((?:\/\ w +)*\/)?([\ w \-.]+[^#?\ s ]+)?([^#]+)?(#[\ w - *) ?美元
((?: ?: http | ftp | ws) s ? | sftp): \ \ / ?) ?(组1):提取协议 ([^: / \ s .#?]+\.[^:/\ # ?] + | localhost)(组2):提取的主机名 (: \ d +) ?(组3):提取端口号 ((?): \ / \ w +)*\/)?([\ w \-.]+[^#?\ s] +) ?(组4和组5):提取路径部分 ([^ #] +) ?(组6):提取查询部分 (# (\ w -) *) ?(组7):提取哈希部分
对于上面列出的正则表达式的每个部分,您可以删除结尾?强制(或加1使其兼性)。你也可以删除正则表达式开头的^和结尾的$,这样它就不需要匹配整个字符串了。
请参阅regex101。
注意:这个正则表达式不是100%安全的,可能接受一些字符串,这些字符串不一定是有效的url,但它确实验证了一些标准。它的主要目标是提取URL的不同部分,而不是验证它。
其他回答
最佳正则表达式是这里最佳答案的组合!哈哈哈!我刚刚测试了它们,并把最好的放在一起!我稍微改变了一下,只有一个捕获组!我在这个页面的源代码中找到了637个url !只有几个假阳性!
((?:(?:https?|ftp)://)(?:\S+(?::\S*)?@|\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,3}){3}|(?:(?:[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+-?)*[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+)(?:\.(?:[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+-?)*[a-z\d\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]+)*(?:\.[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,6}))(?::\d+)?(?:[^\s]*)|(?:(?:(?:[A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.-]+(?::[0-9]+)?|(?:www.|[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?:(?:\/[\+~%\/.\w-_]*)?\??(?:[-\+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[\w]*))?)|(?:(?:(?:(?:[A-Za-z]{3,9}:(?:\/\/)?)(?:[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)?[A-Za-z0-9.-]+|(?:www.|[-;:&=\+\$,\w]+@)[A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?:(?:\/[\+~%\/.\w-_]*)?\??(?:[-\+=&;%@.\w_]*)#?(?:[\w]*))?))|(?:(?:(?:[\\w]+:)?//)?(?:(?:[\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})+(?::(?:[\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})+)?@)?(?:[\\d\\w][-\\d\\w]{0,253}[\\d\\w]\\.)+[\\w]{2,4}(?::[\\d]+)?(?:/(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})*)*(?:\\?(?:&?(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(?:#(?:[-+_~.\\d\\w]|%[a-fA-f\\d]{2,2})*)?)|(?:https?:\/\/(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{0,61}[a-z0-9])(?::?\d*)\/?(?:[a-z_\/0-9\-#.]*)\??(?:[a-z_\/0-9\-#=&]*)|(?:(?:(?:https?:)?(?:\/?\/))(?:(?:[\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+(?::(?:[\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+)?@)?(?:[\d\w][-\d\w]{0,253}[\d\w]\.)+[\w]{2,63}(?::[\d]+)?(?:/(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)*(?:\?(?:&?(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(?:#(?:[-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)?)|(?:(?:https?|ftp)://(?:www\d?|[a-zA-Z0-9]+)?\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\:|\.)(?:[a-zA-Z0-9.]+|(?:\d+)?)(?:[/?:].*)?)|(?:\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/)(?:\S+(?::\S*)?@)?(?:(?!10(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})(?!127(?:\.\d{1,3}){3})(?!169\.254(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?!192\.168(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?!172\.(?:1[6-9]|2\d|3[0-1])(?:\.\d{1,3}){2})(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[01]\d|22[0-3])(?:\.(?:1?\d{1,2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){2}(?:\.(?:[1-9]\d?|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-4]))|(?:(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)(?:\.(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+-?)*[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}0-9]+)*(?:\.(?:[a-z\x{00a1}-\x{ffff}]{2,})))(?::\d{2,5})?(?:\/[^\s]*)?\b))
这应该可以工作:
函数validateUrl(价值){ 返回/ ^ (http (s )?:\/\/.)?( www \)。? [-a-zA-Z0-9 @:%._\+~#=]{ 2256} \ [a - z] {2,6} \ b ([-a-zA-Z0-9 @:%_\+.~#?&//=]*)$/ gi.test(价值); } console.log (validateUrl (' google.com '));/ /正确的 console.log (validateUrl (' www.google.com '));/ /正确的 console.log (validateUrl (' http://www.google.com '));/ /正确的 console.log (validateUrl (http: / www.google.com));/ /错误 console.log (validateUrl (' www.google.com/test '));/ /正确的
我一直在写一篇深入的文章,讨论使用正则表达式进行URI验证。它基于RFC3986。
正则表达式URI验证
虽然这篇文章还不完整,但我已经提出了一个PHP函数,它在验证HTTP和FTP url方面做得非常好。以下是当前版本:
// function url_valid($url) { Rev:20110423_2000
//
// Return associative array of valid URI components, or FALSE if $url is not
// RFC-3986 compliant. If the passed URL begins with: "www." or "ftp.", then
// "http://" or "ftp://" is prepended and the corrected full-url is stored in
// the return array with a key name "url". This value should be used by the caller.
//
// Return value: FALSE if $url is not valid, otherwise array of URI components:
// e.g.
// Given: "http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone"
// Array(
// [scheme] => http
// [authority] => www.jmrware.com:80
// [userinfo] =>
// [host] => www.jmrware.com
// [IP_literal] =>
// [IPV6address] =>
// [ls32] =>
// [IPvFuture] =>
// [IPv4address] =>
// [regname] => www.jmrware.com
// [port] => 80
// [path_abempty] => /articles
// [query] => height=10&width=75
// [fragment] => fragone
// [url] => http://www.jmrware.com:80/articles?height=10&width=75#fragone
// )
function url_valid($url) {
if (strpos($url, 'www.') === 0) $url = 'http://'. $url;
if (strpos($url, 'ftp.') === 0) $url = 'ftp://'. $url;
if (!preg_match('/# Valid absolute URI having a non-empty, valid DNS host.
^
(?P<scheme>[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+\-.]*):\/\/
(?P<authority>
(?:(?P<userinfo>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)@)?
(?P<host>
(?P<IP_literal>
\[
(?:
(?P<IPV6address>
(?: (?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}
| ::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}
| (?: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,1}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
(?P<ls32>[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
)
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:: [0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}
| (?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?::
)
| (?P<IPvFuture>[Vv][0-9A-Fa-f]+\.[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:]+)
)
\]
)
| (?P<IPv4address>(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))
| (?P<regname>(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)
)
(?::(?P<port>[0-9]*))?
)
(?P<path_abempty>(?:\/(?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*)*)
(?:\?(?P<query> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
(?:\#(?P<fragment> (?:[A-Za-z0-9\-._~!$&\'()*+,;=:@\\/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})*))?
$
/mx', $url, $m)) return FALSE;
switch ($m['scheme']) {
case 'https':
case 'http':
if ($m['userinfo']) return FALSE; // HTTP scheme does not allow userinfo.
break;
case 'ftps':
case 'ftp':
break;
default:
return FALSE; // Unrecognized URI scheme. Default to FALSE.
}
// Validate host name conforms to DNS "dot-separated-parts".
if ($m['regname']) { // If host regname specified, check for DNS conformance.
if (!preg_match('/# HTTP DNS host name.
^ # Anchor to beginning of string.
(?!.{256}) # Overall host length is less than 256 chars.
(?: # Group dot separated host part alternatives.
[A-Za-z0-9]\. # Either a single alphanum followed by dot
| # or... part has more than one char (63 chars max).
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part first char is alphanum (no dash).
[A-Za-z0-9\-]{0,61} # Internal chars are alphanum plus dash.
[A-Za-z0-9] # Part last char is alphanum (no dash).
\. # Each part followed by literal dot.
)* # Zero or more parts before top level domain.
(?: # Explicitly specify top level domains.
com|edu|gov|int|mil|net|org|biz|
info|name|pro|aero|coop|museum|
asia|cat|jobs|mobi|tel|travel|
[A-Za-z]{2}) # Country codes are exactly two alpha chars.
\.? # Top level domain can end in a dot.
$ # Anchor to end of string.
/ix', $m['host'])) return FALSE;
}
$m['url'] = $url;
for ($i = 0; isset($m[$i]); ++$i) unset($m[$i]);
return $m; // return TRUE == array of useful named $matches plus the valid $url.
}
这个函数使用了两个正则表达式;一个用于匹配有效通用uri的子集(具有非空主机的绝对uri),另一个用于验证DNS“点分隔部分”主机名。虽然这个函数目前只验证HTTP和FTP方案,但它的结构使它可以很容易地扩展以处理其他方案。
我用这个:/ ((https ?: \ / \ / | ftp: \ / \ / | www \) \ S + \[^。\ n ]+((?:\([^)]*\))|[^.,;:?!"'\ n \)\]<* ])+)/
它很短,但它处理了一些边缘情况,比如某些以括号结尾的维基百科链接(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_(name),这里投票最多的答案似乎没有涵盖这一点。
这将匹配所有url
有或没有http/https 不管有没有WWW
...包括子域名和那些新的顶级域名扩展名如 .museum, .academy, .foundation 等等,最多可以有63个字符(不仅仅是。com, .net, .info等)
(([\w]+:)?//)?(([\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+(:([\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+)?@)?([\d\w][-\d\w]{0,253}[\d\w]\.)+[\w]{2,63}(:[\d]+)?(/([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)*(\?(&?([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(#([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)?
因为目前可用的顶级域名扩展名的最大长度是13个字符,例如。international,您可以将表达式中的数字63更改为13,以防止有人滥用它。
作为javascript
var urlreg=/(([\w]+:)?\/\/)?(([\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+(:([\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})+)?@)?([\d\w][-\d\w]{0,253}[\d\w]\.)+[\w]{2,63}(:[\d]+)?(\/([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)*(\?(&?([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})=?)*)?(#([-+_~.\d\w]|%[a-fA-f\d]{2,2})*)?/; $('textarea').on('input',function(){ var url = $(this).val(); $(this).toggleClass('invalid', urlreg.test(url) == false) }); $('textarea').trigger('input'); textarea{color:green;} .invalid{color:red;} <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <textarea>http://www.google.com</textarea> <textarea>http//www.google.com</textarea> <textarea>googlecom</textarea> <textarea>https://www.google.com</textarea>
维基百科文章:所有互联网顶级域名的列表