从2018年6月起，Android正式开始支持Android 4.0 (API级别14)及更高版本的此功能。 查看它在:Autosizing TextViews

Android 8.0 (API级别26)及更高版本:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="200dp"
    android:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
    android:autoSizeMinTextSize="12sp"
    android:autoSizeMaxTextSize="100sp"
    android:autoSizeStepGranularity="2sp" />

编程:

setAutoSizeTextTypeUniformWithConfiguration(int autoSizeMinTextSize, int autoSizeMaxTextSize, 
        int autoSizeStepGranularity, int unit)

textView.setAutoSizeTextTypeUniformWithConfiguration(
                1, 17, 1, TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP);

Android 8.0之前的Android版本(API级别26):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

  <TextView
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="200dp"
      app:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
      app:autoSizeMinTextSize="12sp"
      app:autoSizeMaxTextSize="100sp"
      app:autoSizeStepGranularity="2sp" />

</LinearLayout>

编程:

TextViewCompat.setAutoSizeTextTypeUniformWithConfiguration(
TextView textView, int autoSizeMinTextSize, int autoSizeMaxTextSize, int autoSizeStepGranularity, int unit) 

TextViewCompat.setAutoSizeTextTypeUniformWithConfiguration(textView, 1, 17, 1,
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP);

注意:TextView必须有layout_width="match_parent"或绝对大小!

为那些在Xamarin.Android上编码的人提供了这个用c#重写的顶级答案版本。对我来说很管用。

 /**
 *               DO WHAT YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
 *                    Version 2, December 2004
 * 
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
 * 
 * Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified
 * copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long
 * as the name is changed.
 * 
 *            DO WHAT YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
 *   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
 * 
 *  0. You just DO WHAT YOU WANT TO.
 */


using System;
using Android.Content;
using Android.Runtime;
using Android.Text;
using Android.Util;
using Android.Widget;
using Java.Lang;

namespace App.GuestGuide.Droid.Controls
{
    public class OnTextResizeEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        public TextView TextView { get; set; }
        public float OldSize { get; set; }
        public float NewSize { get; set; }
    }

    /// <inheritdoc />
    /// <summary>
    /// Text view that auto adjusts text size to fit within the view.
    /// If the text size equals the minimum text size and still does not
    /// fit, append with an ellipsis.
    /// </summary>
    public class AutoResizeTextView : TextView
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Minimum text size for this text view
        /// </summary>
        public static float MIN_TEXT_SIZE = 10;

        /// <summary>
        /// Our ellipse string
        /// </summary>
        private const string Ellipsis = "...";


        private float _mMaxTextSize;

        private float _mMinTextSize = MIN_TEXT_SIZE;

        /// <summary>
        /// Register subscriber to receive resize notifications
        /// </summary>
        public event EventHandler<OnTextResizeEventArgs> OnTextResize;

        /// <summary>
        /// Flag for text and/or size changes to force a resize
        /// </summary>
        private bool _needsResize;

        /// <summary>
        /// Text size that is set from code. This acts as a starting point for resizing
        /// </summary>
        private float _textSize;

        /// <summary>
        /// Text view line spacing multiplier
        /// </summary>
        private float _spacingMult = 1.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// Text view additional line spacing
        /// </summary>
        private float _spacingAdd;

        /// <summary>
        /// Add ellipsis to text that overflows at the smallest text size
        /// </summary>
        public bool ShouldAddEllipsis { get; set; }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        /// Override the set text size to update our internal reference values
        /// </summary>
        public override float TextSize
        {
            get => base.TextSize;
            set
            {
                base.TextSize = value;
                _textSize = TextSize;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Temporary upper bounds on the starting text size
        /// </summary>
        public float MaxTextSize
        {
            get => _mMaxTextSize;
            // Set the upper text size limit and invalidate the view
            set
            {
                _mMaxTextSize = value;
                RequestLayout();
                Invalidate();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Lower bounds for text size
        /// </summary>
        public float MinTextSize
        {
            get => _mMinTextSize;
            //Set the lower text size limit and invalidate the view
            set
            {
                _mMinTextSize = value;
                RequestLayout();
                Invalidate();
            }
        }

        public AutoResizeTextView(Context context) : this(context, null)
        {
        }

        public AutoResizeTextView(Context context, IAttributeSet attrs) : this(context, attrs, 0)
        {
        }

        public AutoResizeTextView(Context context, IAttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) : base(context, attrs, defStyleAttr)
        {
            _textSize = TextSize;
        }

        public AutoResizeTextView(Context context, IAttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes) : base(context, attrs, defStyleAttr, defStyleRes)
        {
            _textSize = TextSize;
        }

        protected AutoResizeTextView(IntPtr javaReference, JniHandleOwnership transfer) : base(javaReference, transfer)
        {
            _textSize = TextSize;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        /// When text changes, set the force resize flag to true and reset the text size.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text"></param>
        /// <param name="start"></param>
        /// <param name="lengthBefore"></param>
        /// <param name="lengthAfter"></param>
        protected override void OnTextChanged(ICharSequence text, int start, int lengthBefore, int lengthAfter)
        {
            _needsResize = true;
            // Since this view may be reused, it is good to reset the text size
            ResetTextSize();
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        /// If the text view size changed, set the force resize flag to true
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="w"></param>
        /// <param name="h"></param>
        /// <param name="oldw"></param>
        /// <param name="oldh"></param>
        protected override void OnSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh)
        {
            if (w != oldw || h != oldh)
            {
                _needsResize = true;
            }
        }

        public override void SetTextSize([GeneratedEnum] ComplexUnitType unit, float size)
        {
            base.SetTextSize(unit, size);
            _textSize = TextSize;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        /// Override the set line spacing to update our internal reference values
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="add"></param>
        /// <param name="mult"></param>
        public override void SetLineSpacing(float add, float mult)
        {
            base.SetLineSpacing(add, mult);
            _spacingMult = mult;
            _spacingAdd = add;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reset the text to the original size
        /// </summary>
        public void ResetTextSize()
        {
            if (_textSize > 0)
            {
                base.SetTextSize(ComplexUnitType.Px, _textSize);
                _mMaxTextSize = _textSize;
            }
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        /// <summary>
        /// Resize text after measuring
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="changed"></param>
        /// <param name="left"></param>
        /// <param name="top"></param>
        /// <param name="right"></param>
        /// <param name="bottom"></param>
        protected override void OnLayout(bool changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
        {
            if (changed || _needsResize)
            {
                var widthLimit = (right - left) - CompoundPaddingLeft - CompoundPaddingRight;
                var heightLimit = (bottom - top) - CompoundPaddingBottom - CompoundPaddingTop;
                ResizeText(widthLimit, heightLimit);
            }

            base.OnLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resize the text size with default width and height
        /// </summary>
        public void ResizeText()
        {
            var heightLimit = Height - PaddingBottom - PaddingTop;
            var widthLimit = Width - PaddingLeft - PaddingRight;
            ResizeText(widthLimit, heightLimit);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resize the text size with specified width and height
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="width"></param>
        /// <param name="height"></param>
        public void ResizeText(int width, int height)
        {
            ICharSequence text = null;

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Text))
            {
                text = new Java.Lang.String(Text);
            }

            // Do not resize if the view does not have dimensions or there is no text
            if (text == null || text.Length() == 0 || height <= 0 || width <= 0 || _textSize == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            if (TransformationMethod != null)
            {
                text = TransformationMethod.GetTransformationFormatted(text, this);
            }

            // Get the text view's paint object
            var textPaint = Paint;
            // Store the current text size
            var oldTextSize = textPaint.TextSize;
            // If there is a max text size set, use the lesser of that and the default text size
            var targetTextSize = _mMaxTextSize > 0 ? System.Math.Min(_textSize, _mMaxTextSize) : _textSize;

            // Get the required text height
            var textHeight = GetTextHeight(text, textPaint, width, targetTextSize);

            // Until we either fit within our text view or we had reached our min text size, incrementally try smaller sizes
            while (textHeight > height && targetTextSize > _mMinTextSize)
            {
                targetTextSize = System.Math.Max(targetTextSize - 2, _mMinTextSize);
                textHeight = GetTextHeight(text, textPaint, width, targetTextSize);
            }

            // If we had reached our minimum text size and still don't fit, append an ellipsis
            if (ShouldAddEllipsis && targetTextSize == _mMinTextSize && textHeight > height)
            {
                // Draw using a static layout
                // modified: use a copy of TextPaint for measuring
                var paint = new TextPaint(textPaint);
                // Draw using a static layout
                var layout = new StaticLayout(text, paint, width, Layout.Alignment.AlignNormal, _spacingMult, _spacingAdd, false);

                // Check that we have a least one line of rendered text
                if (layout.LineCount > 0)
                {
                    // Since the line at the specific vertical position would be cut off,
                    // we must trim up to the previous line
                    var lastLine = layout.GetLineForVertical(height) - 1;
                    // If the text would not even fit on a single line, clear it
                    if (lastLine < 0)
                    {
                        Text = string.Empty;
                    }
                    // Otherwise, trim to the previous line and add an ellipsis
                    else
                    {
                        var start = layout.GetLineStart(lastLine);
                        var end = layout.GetLineEnd(lastLine);
                        var lineWidth = layout.GetLineWidth(lastLine);
                        var ellipseWidth = textPaint.MeasureText(Ellipsis);

                        // Trim characters off until we have enough room to draw the ellipsis
                        while (width < lineWidth + ellipseWidth)
                        {
                            lineWidth = textPaint.MeasureText(text.SubSequence(start, --end + 1));
                        }

                        Text = text.SubSequence(0, end) + Ellipsis;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Some devices try to auto adjust line spacing, so force default line spacing
            // and invalidate the layout as a side effect
            SetTextSize(ComplexUnitType.Px, targetTextSize);
            SetLineSpacing(_spacingAdd, _spacingMult);

            var notifyArgs = new OnTextResizeEventArgs
            {
                TextView = this,
                NewSize = targetTextSize,
                OldSize = oldTextSize
            };

            // Notify the listener if registered
            OnTextResize?.Invoke(this, notifyArgs);

            // Reset force resize flag
            _needsResize = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set the text size of the text paint object and use a static layout to render text off screen before measuring
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source"></param>
        /// <param name="paint"></param>
        /// <param name="width"></param>
        /// <param name="textSize"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private int GetTextHeight(ICharSequence source, TextPaint paint, int width, float textSize)
        {
            // modified: make a copy of the original TextPaint object for measuring
            // (apparently the object gets modified while measuring, see also the
            // docs for TextView.getPaint() (which states to access it read-only)
            // Update the text paint object
            var paintCopy = new TextPaint(paint)
            {
                TextSize = textSize
            };

            // Measure using a static layout
            var layout = new StaticLayout(source, paintCopy, width, Layout.Alignment.AlignNormal, _spacingMult, _spacingAdd, true);

            return layout.Height;
        }
    }
}

I needed a specific solution. I have got an edittext and textview in my layout. The textview is fixed height and width. When the user starts to type in the edittext, the text should immediately appear in the textview. The text in the textfield should auto - resize to fit the textview. So I updated Chase's solution to work for me. So when the text changes in the textview, resizing starts. The difference between mine and Chase's soluton: resizing is done even if the user DELETE some chars. I hope it can help someone.

public class TextFitTextView extends TextView {

// Minimum text size for this text view
public static final float MIN_TEXT_SIZE = 10;

// Maximum text size for this text view - if it is 0, then the text acts
// like match_parent
public static final float MAX_TEXT_SIZE = 0;

// Our ellipse string
private static final String mEllipsis = "...";

// Text size that is set from code. This acts as a starting point for
// resizing
private float mTextSize;

// Lower bounds for text size
private float mMinTextSize = MIN_TEXT_SIZE;

// Max bounds for text size
private float mMaxTextSize = MAX_TEXT_SIZE;

// Text view line spacing multiplier
private float mSpacingMult = 1.0f;

// Text view additional line spacing
private float mSpacingAdd = 0.0f;

// Add ellipsis to text that overflows at the smallest text size
private boolean mAddEllipsis = true;

// Add ellipsis to text that overflows at the smallest text size
private int heightLimit;
private int widthLimit;

// Default constructor override
public TextFitTextView(Context context) {
    this(context, null);
}

// Default constructor when inflating from XML file
public TextFitTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    this(context, attrs, 0);
}

// Default constructor override
public TextFitTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
    super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    mTextSize = getTextSize();
}

/**
 * When text changes resize the text size.
 */
@Override
protected void onTextChanged(final CharSequence text, final int start, final int before, final int after) {
    // if we are adding new chars to text
    if (before <= after && after != 1) {
        resizeText(true);
        // now we are deleting chars
    } else {
        resizeText(false);
    }
}

/**
 * Override the set text size to update our internal reference values
 */
@Override
public void setTextSize(float size) {
    super.setTextSize(size);
    mTextSize = getTextSize();
}

/**
 * Override the set text size to update our internal reference values
 */
@Override
public void setTextSize(int unit, float size) {
    super.setTextSize(unit, size);
    mTextSize = getTextSize();
}

/**
 * Override the set line spacing to update our internal reference values
 */
@Override
public void setLineSpacing(float add, float mult) {
    super.setLineSpacing(add, mult);
    mSpacingMult = mult;
    mSpacingAdd = add;
}

/**
 * Set the lower text size limit and invalidate the view
 * 
 * @param minTextSize
 */
public void setMinTextSize(float minTextSize) {
    mMinTextSize = minTextSize;
    requestLayout();
    invalidate();
}

/**
 * Return lower text size limit
 * 
 * @return
 */
public float getMinTextSize() {
    return mMinTextSize;
}

/**
 * Set flag to add ellipsis to text that overflows at the smallest text size
 * 
 * @param addEllipsis
 */
public void setAddEllipsis(boolean addEllipsis) {
    mAddEllipsis = addEllipsis;
}

/**
 * Return flag to add ellipsis to text that overflows at the smallest text
 * size
 * 
 * @return
 */
public boolean getAddEllipsis() {
    return mAddEllipsis;
}

/**
 * Get width and height limits
 */
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
    if (widthLimit == 0 && heightLimit == 0) {
        widthLimit = (right - left) - getCompoundPaddingLeft() - getCompoundPaddingRight();
        heightLimit = (bottom - top) - getCompoundPaddingBottom() - getCompoundPaddingTop();
    }
    super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom);
}

/**
 * Resize the text size with specified width and height
 * 
 * @param width
 * @param height
 */
public void resizeText(boolean increase) {
    CharSequence text = getText();
    // Do not resize if the view does not have dimensions or there is no
    // text
    if (text == null || text.length() == 0 || heightLimit <= 0 || widthLimit <= 0 || mTextSize == 0) {
        return;
    }

    // Get the text view's paint object
    TextPaint textPaint = getPaint();

    // Get the required text height
    int textHeight = getTextHeight(text, textPaint, widthLimit, mTextSize);


    // If the text length is increased 
    // Until we either fit within our text view or we had reached our min
    // text size, incrementally try smaller sizes
    if (increase) {
        while (textHeight > heightLimit && mTextSize > mMinTextSize) {
            mTextSize = Math.max(mTextSize - 2, mMinTextSize);
            textHeight = getTextHeight(text, textPaint, widthLimit, mTextSize);
        }
    } 
//      text length has been decreased
    else {
//          if max test size is set then add it to while condition
        if (mMaxTextSize != 0) {
            while (textHeight < heightLimit && mTextSize <= mMaxTextSize) {
                mTextSize = mTextSize + 2;
                textHeight = getTextHeight(text, textPaint, widthLimit, mTextSize);
            }
        } else {
            while (textHeight < heightLimit) {
                mTextSize = mTextSize + 2;
                textHeight = getTextHeight(text, textPaint, widthLimit, mTextSize);
            }
        }
        mTextSize = textHeight > heightLimit ? mTextSize - 2 : mTextSize;
    }

    // If we had reached our minimum text size and still don't fit, append
    // an ellipsis
    if (mAddEllipsis && mTextSize == mMinTextSize && textHeight > heightLimit) {
        // Draw using a static layout
        TextPaint paint = new TextPaint(textPaint);
        StaticLayout layout = new StaticLayout(text, paint, widthLimit, Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL, mSpacingMult,
                mSpacingAdd, false);
        // Check that we have a least one line of rendered text
        if (layout.getLineCount() > 0) {
            // Since the line at the specific vertical position would be cut
            // off,
            // we must trim up to the previous line
            int lastLine = layout.getLineForVertical(heightLimit) - 1;
            // If the text would not even fit on a single line, clear it
            if (lastLine < 0) {
                setText("");
            }
            // Otherwise, trim to the previous line and add an ellipsis
            else {
                int start = layout.getLineStart(lastLine);
                int end = layout.getLineEnd(lastLine);
                float lineWidth = layout.getLineWidth(lastLine);
                float ellipseWidth = paint.measureText(mEllipsis);

                // Trim characters off until we have enough room to draw the
                // ellipsis
                while (widthLimit < lineWidth + ellipseWidth) {
                    lineWidth = paint.measureText(text.subSequence(start, --end + 1).toString());
                }
                setText(text.subSequence(0, end) + mEllipsis);
            }
        }
    }

    // Some devices try to auto adjust line spacing, so force default line
    // spacing
    // and invalidate the layout as a side effect
    setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, mTextSize);
    setLineSpacing(mSpacingAdd, mSpacingMult);

}

// Set the text size of the text paint object and use a static layout to
// render text off screen before measuring
private int getTextHeight(CharSequence source, TextPaint originalPaint, int width, float textSize) {
    // Update the text paint object
    TextPaint paint = new TextPaint(originalPaint);
    paint.setTextSize(textSize);
    // Measure using a static layout
    StaticLayout layout = new StaticLayout(source, paint, width, Alignment.ALIGN_NORMAL, mSpacingMult, mSpacingAdd,
            true);
    return layout.getHeight();
}

}

这里还有另一个解决方案，只是为了好玩。它可能不是很有效，但它确实处理了文本的高度和宽度，以及有标记的文本。

@Override
protected void onMeasure(final int widthMeasureSpec, final int heightMeasureSpec)
{
    if ((MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)
            && (MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) {

        final float desiredWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        final float desiredHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        float textSize = getTextSize();
        float lastScale = Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
        while (textSize > MINIMUM_AUTO_TEXT_SIZE_PX) {
            // Measure how big the textview would like to be with the current text size.
            super.onMeasure(MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);

            // Calculate how much we'd need to scale it to fit the desired size, and
            // apply that scaling to the text size as an estimate of what we need.
            final float widthScale = desiredWidth / getMeasuredWidth();
            final float heightScale = desiredHeight / getMeasuredHeight();
            final float scale = Math.min(widthScale, heightScale);

            // If we don't need to shrink the text, or we don't seem to be converging, we're done.
            if ((scale >= 1f) || (scale <= lastScale)) {
                break;
            }

            // Shrink the text size and keep trying.
            textSize = Math.max((float) Math.floor(scale * textSize), MINIMUM_AUTO_TEXT_SIZE_PX);
            setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_PX, textSize);
            lastScale = scale;
        }
    }
    super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}

在2017年谷歌IO大会上，谷歌介绍了TextView的autoSize属性

https://youtu.be/fjUdJ2aVqE4

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="@string/my_text"
        app:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
        app:autoSizeMaxTextSize="10sp"
        app:autoSizeMinTextSize="6sp"
        app:autoSizeStepGranularity="1sp"/>

问题是关于如何在Button上有这个功能;对于TextView来说，它很容易，并且通过遵循这里的官方文档可以很好地工作。

Style.xml:

    <style name="Widget.Button.CustomStyle" parent="Widget.MaterialComponents.Button">
        <item name="android:minHeight">50dp</item>
        <item name="android:maxWidth">300dp</item>
        <item name="android:textStyle">bold</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">16sp</item>
        <item name="backgroundTint">@color/white</item>
        <item name="cornerRadius">25dp</item>
        <item name="autoSizeTextType">uniform</item>
        <item name="autoSizeMinTextSize">10sp</item>
        <item name="autoSizeMaxTextSize">16sp</item>
        <item name="autoSizeStepGranularity">2sp</item>
        <item name="android:maxLines">1</item>
        <item name="android:textColor">@color/colorPrimary</item>
        <item name="android:insetTop">0dp</item>
        <item name="android:insetBottom">0dp</item>
        <item name="android:lineSpacingExtra">4sp</item>
        <item name="android:gravity">center</item>
    </style>

用法:

<com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
            android:id="@+id/blah"
            style="@style/Widget.Button.CustomStyle"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
            android:text="Your long text, to the infinity and beyond!!! Why not :)" />

结果: