我有“我爱Suzi和Marry”,我想把“Suzi”改成“Sara”。

firstString="I love Suzi and Marry"
secondString="Sara"

预期的结果:

firstString="I love Sara and Marry"

当前回答

使用${parameter/pattern/string}替换模式的第一次出现:

#!/bin/bash
firstString="I love Suzi and Marry"
secondString="Sara"
echo "${firstString/Suzi/"$secondString"}"    
# prints 'I love Sara and Marry'

使用${parameter//pattern/string}替换所有出现的情况:

message='The secret code is 12345'
echo "${message//[0-9]/X}"           
# prints 'The secret code is XXXXX'

(这在Bash参考手册§3.5.3“Shell参数扩展”中有记录。)

注意这个特性不是POSIX指定的——它是一个Bash扩展——所以不是所有Unix shell都实现它。有关POSIX的相关文档,请参见Open Group技术标准基础规范,第7期,Shell & Utilities卷,§2.6.2“参数扩展”。

其他回答

使用sed我们可以很容易地做到这一点

sed -i "s+$value_to_be_replaced+$with_variable1 "some character" $with_variable2+g" $file_name

我认为这是你用例中最简洁的形式:

firstString="${firstString//Suzi/$secondString}"
echo [string] | sed "s|[original]|[target]|g"

“s”表示“替换” “g”表示“全局的,所有匹配的事件”

纯POSIX shell方法,与Roman Kazanovskyi基于sed的答案不同,它不需要外部工具,只需要shell自己的本地参数展开。注意,长文件名被最小化,所以代码更适合一行:

f="I love Suzi and Marry"
s=Sara
t=Suzi
[ "${f%$t*}" != "$f" ] && f="${f%$t*}$s${f#*$t}"
echo "$f"

输出:

I love Sara and Marry

工作原理:

Remove Smallest Suffix Pattern. "${f%$t*}" returns "I love" if the suffix $t "Suzi*" is in $f "I love Suzi and Marry". But if t=Zelda, then "${f%$t*}" deletes nothing, and returns the whole string "I love Suzi and Marry". This is used to test if $t is in $f with [ "${f%$t*}" != "$f" ] which will evaluate to true if the $f string contains "Suzi*" and false if not. If the test returns true, construct the desired string using Remove Smallest Suffix Pattern ${f%$t*} "I love" and Remove Smallest Prefix Pattern ${f#*$t} "and Marry", with the 2nd string $s "Sara" in between.

对于Dash,之前的所有帖子都不起作用

POSIX sh兼容的解决方案是:

result=$(echo "$firstString" | sed "s/Suzi/$secondString/")

这将替换每一行输入中的第一个出现的位置。添加/g标记替换所有出现的情况:

result=$(echo "$firstString" | sed "s/Suzi/$secondString/g")