我完全同意Huster教授的观点，即最简单的方法是改变图形的大小，这样可以保持默认字体。我只需要在将图形保存为pdf时使用bbox_inches选项来补充这一点，因为轴标签被剪切了。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
plt.savefig('Basic.pdf', bbox_inches='tight')

matplotlib.rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})

这里有一种完全不同的方法，可以非常好地改变字体大小：

更改图形大小！

我通常使用这样的代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4,3))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
x = np.linspace(0,6.28,21)
ax.plot(x, np.sin(x), '-^', label="1 Hz")
ax.set_title("Oscillator Output")
ax.set_xlabel("Time (s)")
ax.set_ylabel("Output (V)")
ax.grid(True)
ax.legend(loc=1)
fig.savefig('Basic.png', dpi=300)

图形尺寸越小，字体相对于绘图就越大。这也会放大标记。注意，我还设置了dpi或每英寸点数。我从AMTA（美国模特教师协会）论坛的帖子中了解到这一点。上述代码示例：

您可以使用plt.rcParams[“font.size”]在matplotlib中设置font_size，也可以使用plt.rcParams[“font-family”]在matplotlib设置font_family。请尝试以下示例：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.style.use('seaborn-whitegrid')

label = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
x = [0.001906,0.000571308,0.0020305,0.0037422,0.0047095,0.000846667,0.000819,0.000907]
y = [0.2943301,0.047778308,0.048003167,0.1770876,0.532489833,0.024611333,0.157498667,0.0272095]


plt.ylabel('eigen centrality')
plt.xlabel('betweenness centrality')
plt.text(0.001906, 0.2943301, '1 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.000571308, 0.047778308, '2 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.0020305, 0.048003167, '3 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.0037422, 0.1770876, '4 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.0047095, 0.532489833, '5 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.000846667, 0.024611333, '6 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.000819, 0.157498667, '7 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.text(0.000907, 0.0272095, '8 ', ha='right', va='center')
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = "Times New Roman"
plt.rcParams["font.size"] = "50"
plt.plot(x, y, 'o', color='blue')

如果要仅更改已创建的特定绘图的字体大小，请尝试以下操作：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

ax = plt.subplot(111, xlabel='x', ylabel='y', title='title')
for item in ([ax.title, ax.xaxis.label, ax.yaxis.label] +
             ax.get_xticklabels() + ax.get_yticklabels()):
    item.set_fontsize(20)

我通过@ryggyr编写了一个修改版本的答案，它允许对单个参数进行更多控制，并在多个子地块上工作：

def set_fontsizes(axes,size,title=np.nan,xlabel=np.nan,ylabel=np.nan,xticks=np.nan,yticks=np.nan):
    if type(axes) != 'numpy.ndarray':
        axes=np.array([axes])
    
    options = [title,xlabel,ylabel,xticks,yticks]
    for i in range(len(options)):
        if np.isnan(options[i]):
            options[i]=size
        
    title,xlabel,ylabel,xticks,yticks=options
    
    for ax in axes.flatten():
        ax.title.set_fontsize(title)
        ax.xaxis.label.set_size(xlabel)
        ax.yaxis.label.set_size(ylabel)
        ax.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=xticks)
        ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=yticks)