在我的解决方案是覆盖目标字段类的pre_save()方法之前，我有这种情况，它只在字段被更改时才会被调用 FileField有用 例子:

class PDFField(FileField):
    def pre_save(self, model_instance, add):
        # do some operations on your file 
        # if and only if you have changed the filefield

劣势: 如果你想做任何(post_save)操作，比如在某些作业中使用创建的对象(如果某些字段已更改)，则无用

从Django 1.8开始，就有了from_db方法，Serge提到过。事实上，Django文档中包含了这样一个特定的用例:

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#customizing-model-loading

下面是一个示例，展示如何记录从数据库加载的字段的初始值

我扩展了@livskiy的mixin，如下所示:

class ModelDiffMixin(models.Model):
    """
    A model mixin that tracks model fields' values and provide some useful api
    to know what fields have been changed.
    """
    _dict = DictField(editable=False)
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ModelDiffMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._initial = self._dict

    @property
    def diff(self):
        d1 = self._initial
        d2 = self._dict
        diffs = [(k, (v, d2[k])) for k, v in d1.items() if v != d2[k]]
        return dict(diffs)

    @property
    def has_changed(self):
        return bool(self.diff)

    @property
    def changed_fields(self):
        return self.diff.keys()

    def get_field_diff(self, field_name):
        """
        Returns a diff for field if it's changed and None otherwise.
        """
        return self.diff.get(field_name, None)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Saves model and set initial state.
        """
        object_dict = model_to_dict(self,
               fields=[field.name for field in self._meta.fields])
        for field in object_dict:
            # for FileFields
            if issubclass(object_dict[field].__class__, FieldFile):
                try:
                    object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].path
                except :
                    object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].name

            # TODO: add other non-serializable field types
        self._dict = object_dict
        super(ModelDiffMixin, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

DictField为:

class DictField(models.TextField):
    __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase
    description = "Stores a python dict"

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(DictField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def to_python(self, value):
        if not value:
            value = {}

        if isinstance(value, dict):
            return value

        return json.loads(value)

    def get_prep_value(self, value):
        if value is None:
            return value
        return json.dumps(value)

    def value_to_string(self, obj):
        value = self._get_val_from_obj(obj)
        return self.get_db_prep_value(value)

可以通过在模型中扩展它来使用它 一个_dict字段将在同步/迁移时添加，该字段将存储对象的状态

本质上，你想要重写模型的__init__方法。模型，以便保留原始值的副本。这使得您不必再执行另一个DB查找(这总是一件好事)。

    class Person(models.Model):
        name = models.CharField()

        __original_name = None

        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            self.__original_name = self.name

        def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, *args, **kwargs):
            if self.name != self.__original_name:
                # name changed - do something here

            super().save(force_insert, force_update, *args, **kwargs)
            self.__original_name = self.name

@ivanlivski的mixin很棒。

我把它扩展到

确保它适用于Decimal字段。 公开属性以简化使用

更新后的代码可在这里: https://github.com/sknutsonsf/python-contrib/blob/master/src/django/utils/ModelDiffMixin.py

为了帮助刚接触Python或Django的人，我将给出一个更完整的示例。 这种特殊用法是从数据提供者获取一个文件，并确保数据库中的记录反映该文件。

我的模型对象:

class Station(ModelDiffMixin.ModelDiffMixin, models.Model):
    station_name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    nearby_city = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    precipitation = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    # <list of many other fields>

   def is_float_changed (self,v1, v2):
        ''' Compare two floating values to just two digit precision
        Override Default precision is 5 digits
        '''
        return abs (round (v1 - v2, 2)) > 0.01

加载文件的类有这些方法:

class UpdateWeather (object)
    # other methods omitted

    def update_stations (self, filename):
        # read all existing data 
        all_stations = models.Station.objects.all()
        self._existing_stations = {}

        # insert into a collection for referencing while we check if data exists
        for stn in all_stations.iterator():
            self._existing_stations[stn.id] = stn

        # read the file. result is array of objects in known column order
        data = read_tabbed_file(filename)

        # iterate rows from file and insert or update where needed
        for rownum in range(sh.nrows):
            self._update_row(sh.row(rownum));

        # now anything remaining in the collection is no longer active
        # since it was not found in the newest file
        # for now, delete that record
        # there should never be any of these if the file was created properly
        for stn in self._existing_stations.values():
            stn.delete()
            self._num_deleted = self._num_deleted+1


    def _update_row (self, rowdata):
        stnid = int(rowdata[0].value) 
        name = rowdata[1].value.strip()

        # skip the blank names where data source has ids with no data today
        if len(name) < 1:
            return

        # fetch rest of fields and do sanity test
        nearby_city = rowdata[2].value.strip()
        precip = rowdata[3].value

        if stnid in self._existing_stations:
            stn = self._existing_stations[stnid]
            del self._existing_stations[stnid]
            is_update = True;
        else:
            stn = models.Station()
            is_update = False;

        # object is new or old, don't care here            
        stn.id = stnid
        stn.station_name = name;
        stn.nearby_city = nearby_city
        stn.precipitation = precip

        # many other fields updated from the file 

        if is_update == True:

            # we use a model mixin to simplify detection of changes
            # at the cost of extra memory to store the objects            
            if stn.has_changed == True:
                self._num_updated = self._num_updated + 1;
                stn.save();
        else:
            self._num_created = self._num_created + 1;
            stn.save()

我有点晚了，但我也找到了这个解决方案: Django脏域