如何在熊猫身上做到这一点:
我在单个文本列上有一个函数extract_text_features，返回多个输出列。具体来说，该函数返回6个值。
该函数可以工作，但是似乎没有任何合适的返回类型(pandas DataFrame/ numpy数组/ Python列表)，以便输出可以正确分配df。Ix [:，10:16] = df.textcol.map(extract_text_features)
所以我认为我需要回落到迭代与df.iterrows()，按此?
更新: 使用df.iterrows()迭代至少要慢20倍，因此我放弃并将该函数分解为6个不同的.map(lambda…)调用。
更新2:这个问题是在v0.11.0版本被问到的，在可用性df之前。在v0.16中改进了Apply或添加了df.assign()。因此，很多问题和答案都不太相关。
当前回答
你可以返回整行而不是值:
df = df.apply(extract_text_features,axis = 1)
函数在哪里返回行
def extract_text_features(row):
row['new_col1'] = value1
row['new_col2'] = value2
return row
其他回答
这是我过去所做的
df = pd.DataFrame({'textcol' : np.random.rand(5)})
df
textcol
0 0.626524
1 0.119967
2 0.803650
3 0.100880
4 0.017859
df.textcol.apply(lambda s: pd.Series({'feature1':s+1, 'feature2':s-1}))
feature1 feature2
0 1.626524 -0.373476
1 1.119967 -0.880033
2 1.803650 -0.196350
3 1.100880 -0.899120
4 1.017859 -0.982141
为完整性而编辑
pd.concat([df, df.textcol.apply(lambda s: pd.Series({'feature1':s+1, 'feature2':s-1}))], axis=1)
textcol feature1 feature2
0 0.626524 1.626524 -0.373476
1 0.119967 1.119967 -0.880033
2 0.803650 1.803650 -0.196350
3 0.100880 1.100880 -0.899120
4 0.017859 1.017859 -0.982141
基于user1827356的答案，你可以使用df.merge一次性完成赋值:
df.merge(df.textcol.apply(lambda s: pd.Series({'feature1':s+1, 'feature2':s-1})),
left_index=True, right_index=True)
textcol feature1 feature2
0 0.772692 1.772692 -0.227308
1 0.857210 1.857210 -0.142790
2 0.065639 1.065639 -0.934361
3 0.819160 1.819160 -0.180840
4 0.088212 1.088212 -0.911788
编辑: 请注意内存消耗大，速度慢:https://ys-l.github.io/posts/2015/08/28/how-not-to-use-pandas-apply/ !
公认的解决方案对于大量数据来说将会非常慢。获得最多赞数的解决方案读起来有点困难，而且处理数字数据也很慢。如果每个新列都可以独立于其他列计算，那么我将直接分配它们，而不使用apply。
假字符数据的例子
在DataFrame中创建100,000个字符串
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.choice(['he jumped', 'she ran', 'they hiked'],
size=100000, replace=True),
columns=['words'])
df.head()
words
0 she ran
1 she ran
2 they hiked
3 they hiked
4 they hiked
假设我们想提取一些文本特征，就像在最初的问题中所做的那样。例如，让我们提取第一个字符，计算字母“e”的出现次数，并将短语大写。
df['first'] = df['words'].str[0]
df['count_e'] = df['words'].str.count('e')
df['cap'] = df['words'].str.capitalize()
df.head()
words first count_e cap
0 she ran s 1 She ran
1 she ran s 1 She ran
2 they hiked t 2 They hiked
3 they hiked t 2 They hiked
4 they hiked t 2 They hiked
计时
%%timeit
df['first'] = df['words'].str[0]
df['count_e'] = df['words'].str.count('e')
df['cap'] = df['words'].str.capitalize()
127 ms ± 585 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
def extract_text_features(x):
return x[0], x.count('e'), x.capitalize()
%timeit df['first'], df['count_e'], df['cap'] = zip(*df['words'].apply(extract_text_features))
101 ms ± 2.96 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
令人惊讶的是，通过遍历每个值可以获得更好的性能
%%timeit
a,b,c = [], [], []
for s in df['words']:
a.append(s[0]), b.append(s.count('e')), c.append(s.capitalize())
df['first'] = a
df['count_e'] = b
df['cap'] = c
79.1 ms ± 294 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
另一个假数字数据的例子
创建100万个随机数并从上面测试幂函数。
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(1000000), columns=['num'])
def powers(x):
return x, x**2, x**3, x**4, x**5, x**6
%%timeit
df['p1'], df['p2'], df['p3'], df['p4'], df['p5'], df['p6'] = \
zip(*df['num'].map(powers))
1.35 s ± 83.6 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
为每一列赋值速度快25倍，可读性强:
%%timeit
df['p1'] = df['num'] ** 1
df['p2'] = df['num'] ** 2
df['p3'] = df['num'] ** 3
df['p4'] = df['num'] ** 4
df['p5'] = df['num'] ** 5
df['p6'] = df['num'] ** 6
51.6 ms ± 1.9 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
我在这里也做了类似的回答，并详细说明了为什么申请通常不是正确的选择。
这对我来说很管用:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
future = pd.DataFrame(
pd.date_range('2022-09-01',periods=360),
columns=['date']
)
def featurize(datetime):
return pd.Series({
'month':datetime.month,
'year':datetime.year,
'dayofweek':datetime.dayofweek,
'dayofyear':datetime.dayofyear
})
future.loc[
:,['month','year','dayofweek','dayofyear']
] = future.date.apply(featurize)
future.head()
输出:
date month year dayofweek dayofyear
0 2022-09-01 9 2022 3 244
1 2022-09-02 9 2022 4 245
2 2022-09-03 9 2022 5 246
3 2022-09-04 9 2022 6 247
4 2022-09-05 9 2022 0 248
我通常使用zip:
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[i] for i in range(10)], columns=['num'])
>>> df
num
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
>>> def powers(x):
>>> return x, x**2, x**3, x**4, x**5, x**6
>>> df['p1'], df['p2'], df['p3'], df['p4'], df['p5'], df['p6'] = \
>>> zip(*df['num'].map(powers))
>>> df
num p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 4 8 16 32 64
3 3 3 9 27 81 243 729
4 4 4 16 64 256 1024 4096
5 5 5 25 125 625 3125 15625
6 6 6 36 216 1296 7776 46656
7 7 7 49 343 2401 16807 117649
8 8 8 64 512 4096 32768 262144
9 9 9 81 729 6561 59049 531441
