这里有一个getopts，它用最少的代码实现解析，并允许您在一种情况下使用eval和substring定义要提取的内容。

基本上eval“local key='val'”

function myrsync() {

        local backup=("${@}") args=(); while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do k="$1";
                case "$k" in
                    ---sourceuser|---sourceurl|---targetuser|---targeturl|---file|---exclude|---include)
                        eval "local ${k:3}='${2}'"; shift; shift    # Past two arguments
                    ;;
                    *)  # Unknown option  
                        args+=("$1"); shift;                        # Past argument only
                    ;;                                              
                esac                                                
        done; set -- "${backup[@]}"                                 # Restore $@


        echo "${sourceurl}"
}

在这里，将变量声明为局部变量，而不是全局变量。

调用为：

myrsync ---sourceurl http://abc.def.g ---sourceuser myuser ... 

${k:3}基本上是一个从键中删除第一个---的子字符串。

我使用optget和optgets的组合来解析带或不带参数的短选项和长选项，甚至是非选项（不带-或-的选项）：

# catch wrong options and move non-options to the end of the string
args=$(getopt -l "$opt_long" "$opt_short" "$@" 2> >(sed -e 's/^/stderr/g')) || echo -n "Error: " && echo "$args" | grep -oP "(?<=^stderr).*" && exit 1
mapfile -t args < <(xargs -n1 <<< "$(echo "$args" | sed -E "s/(--[^ ]+) /\1=/g")" )
set -- "${args[@]}"

# parse short and long options
while getopts "$opt_short-:" opt; do
  ...
done

# remove all parsed options from $@
shift $((OPTIND-1)

这样，我就可以使用$opt_verbose这样的变量访问所有选项，而非选项可以通过默认变量$1、$2等访问：

echo "help:$opt_help"
echo "file:$opt_file"
echo "verbose:$opt_verbose"
echo "long_only:$opt_long_only"
echo "short_only:$opt_s"
echo "path:$1"
echo "mail:$2"

其中一个主要特点是，我能够以完全随机的顺序传递所有选项和非选项：

#             $opt_file     $1        $2          $opt_... $opt_... $opt_...
# /demo.sh --file=file.txt /dir info@example.com -V -h --long_only=yes -s
help:1
file:file.txt
verbose:1
long_only:yes
short_only:1
path:/dir
mail:info@example.com

更多详情：https://stackoverflow.com/a/74275254/318765

如果您正在制作可与其他实用程序互换的脚本，下面的灵活性可能很有用。

以下任一项：

command -x=myfilename.ext --another_switch 

Or:

command -x myfilename.ext --another_switch

代码如下：

STD_IN=0

prefix=""
key=""
value=""
for keyValue in "$@"
do
  case "${prefix}${keyValue}" in
    -i=*|--input_filename=*)  key="-i";     value="${keyValue#*=}";; 
    -ss=*|--seek_from=*)      key="-ss";    value="${keyValue#*=}";;
    -t=*|--play_seconds=*)    key="-t";     value="${keyValue#*=}";;
    -|--stdin)                key="-";      value=1;;
    *)                                      value=$keyValue;;
  esac
  case $key in
    -i) MOVIE=$(resolveMovie "${value}");  prefix=""; key="";;
    -ss) SEEK_FROM="${value}";          prefix=""; key="";;
    -t)  PLAY_SECONDS="${value}";           prefix=""; key="";;
    -)   STD_IN=${value};                   prefix=""; key="";; 
    *)   prefix="${keyValue}=";;
  esac
done

我使用前面的答案作为一个起点来整理我以前的即席参数解析。然后我重构了以下模板代码。它使用=或空格分隔的参数以及组合在一起的多个短参数来处理长参数和短参数。最后，它将所有非参数参数重新插入到$1，$2..变量中。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# NOTICE: Uncomment if your script depends on bashisms.
#if [ -z "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then bash $0 $@ ; exit $? ; fi

echo "Before"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done


# Code template for parsing command line parameters using only portable shell
# code, while handling both long and short params, handling '-f file' and
# '-f=file' style param data and also capturing non-parameters to be inserted
# back into the shell positional parameters.

while [ -n "$1" ]; do
        # Copy so we can modify it (can't modify $1)
        OPT="$1"
        # Detect argument termination
        if [ x"$OPT" = x"--" ]; then
                shift
                for OPT ; do
                        REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
                done
                break
        fi
        # Parse current opt
        while [ x"$OPT" != x"-" ] ; do
                case "$OPT" in
                        # Handle --flag=value opts like this
                        -c=* | --config=* )
                                CONFIGFILE="${OPT#*=}"
                                shift
                                ;;
                        # and --flag value opts like this
                        -c* | --config )
                                CONFIGFILE="$2"
                                shift
                                ;;
                        -f* | --force )
                                FORCE=true
                                ;;
                        -r* | --retry )
                                RETRY=true
                                ;;
                        # Anything unknown is recorded for later
                        * )
                                REMAINS="$REMAINS \"$OPT\""
                                break
                                ;;
                esac
                # Check for multiple short options
                # NOTICE: be sure to update this pattern to match valid options
                NEXTOPT="${OPT#-[cfr]}" # try removing single short opt
                if [ x"$OPT" != x"$NEXTOPT" ] ; then
                        OPT="-$NEXTOPT"  # multiple short opts, keep going
                else
                        break  # long form, exit inner loop
                fi
        done
        # Done with that param. move to next
        shift
done
# Set the non-parameters back into the positional parameters ($1 $2 ..)
eval set -- $REMAINS


echo -e "After: \n configfile='$CONFIGFILE' \n force='$FORCE' \n retry='$RETRY' \n remains='$REMAINS'"
for i ; do echo - $i ; done

我最终实现了公认答案的dash（或/bin/sh）版本，基本上不使用数组：

while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    case "$1" in
    -v|--verbose) verbose=1; shift;;
    -o|--output) if [[ $# -gt 1 && "$2" != -* ]]; then
            file=$2; shift 2
        else
            echo "-o requires file-path" 1>&2; exit 1
        fi ;;
    --)
        while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do BACKUP="$BACKUP;$1"; shift; done
        break;;
    *)
        BACKUP="$BACKUP;$1"
        shift
        ;;
    esac
done
# Restore unused arguments.
while [ -n "$BACKUP" ] ; do
    [ ! -z "${BACKUP%%;*}" ] && set -- "$@" "${BACKUP%%;*}"
    [ "$BACKUP" = "${BACKUP/;/}" ] && break
    BACKUP="${BACKUP#*;}"
done

此示例显示了如何使用getopt和eval以及HEREDOC和shift来处理短参数和长参数，以及是否具有以下所需值。此外，switch/case语句简洁易懂。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# usage function
function usage()
{
   cat << HEREDOC

   Usage: $progname [--num NUM] [--time TIME_STR] [--verbose] [--dry-run]

   optional arguments:
     -h, --help           show this help message and exit
     -n, --num NUM        pass in a number
     -t, --time TIME_STR  pass in a time string
     -v, --verbose        increase the verbosity of the bash script
     --dry-run            do a dry run, dont change any files

HEREDOC
}  

# initialize variables
progname=$(basename $0)
verbose=0
dryrun=0
num_str=
time_str=

# use getopt and store the output into $OPTS
# note the use of -o for the short options, --long for the long name options
# and a : for any option that takes a parameter
OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; usage; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  # uncomment the next line to see how shift is working
  # echo "\$1:\"$1\" \$2:\"$2\""
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

if (( $verbose > 0 )); then

   # print out all the parameters we read in
   cat <<EOM
   num=$num_str
   time=$time_str
   verbose=$verbose
   dryrun=$dryrun
EOM
fi

# The rest of your script below

以上脚本中最重要的几行是：

OPTS=$(getopt -o "hn:t:v" --long "help,num:,time:,verbose,dry-run" -n "$progname" -- "$@")
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Error in command line arguments." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$OPTS"

while true; do
  case "$1" in
    -h | --help ) usage; exit; ;;
    -n | --num ) num_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    -t | --time ) time_str="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --dry-run ) dryrun=1; shift ;;
    -v | --verbose ) verbose=$((verbose + 1)); shift ;;
    -- ) shift; break ;;
    * ) break ;;
  esac
done

简短，切中要害，可读，处理几乎所有的事情（IMHO）。

希望这对某人有所帮助。