如何在Javascript中创建静态变量?


当前回答

我通常使用这种方法有两个主要原因:

如果我想存储函数的本地值,我会使用“local.x”、“local.y”、“local.TempData”等。。。!

如果我想存储函数的静态值,我会使用“static.o”、“static.Info”、“static.count”等。。。!

[Update2]:方法相同,但使用IIFE方法!

[Update1]:通过预编辑脚本自动创建函数的“静态”和“本地”对象!

其他回答

如果要创建全局静态变量:

var my_id = 123;

将变量替换为以下内容:

Object.defineProperty(window, 'my_id', {
    get: function() {
            return 123;
        },
    configurable : false,
    enumerable : false
});

我使用了原型,并以这种方式工作:

class Cat {
  constructor() {
    console.log(Cat.COLLECTION_NAME);
  }
}

Cat.COLLECTION_NAME = "cats";

或使用静态吸气剂:

class Cat {
  constructor() {
    console.log(Cat.COLLECTION_NAME);
  }

  static get COLLECTION_NAME() {
    return "cats"
  }
}

以下示例和解释来自Nicholas Zakas的《Web开发人员专业JavaScript第二版》一书。这是我一直在寻找的答案,所以我认为在这里添加它会很有帮助。

(function () {
    var name = '';
    Person = function (value) {
        name = value;
    };
    Person.prototype.getName = function () {
        return name;
    };
    Person.prototype.setName = function (value) {
        name = value;
    };
}());
var person1 = new Person('Nate');
console.log(person1.getName()); // Nate
person1.setName('James');
console.log(person1.getName()); // James
person1.name = 'Mark';
console.log(person1.name); // Mark
console.log(person1.getName()); // James
var person2 = new Person('Danielle');
console.log(person1.getName()); // Danielle
console.log(person2.getName()); // Danielle

本例中的Person构造函数可以访问私有变量名,getName()和setName()方法也是如此。使用此模式,name变量将变为静态,并将在所有实例中使用。这意味着在一个实例上调用setName()会影响所有其他实例。调用setName()或创建新的Person实例会将name变量设置为新值。这会导致所有实例返回相同的值。

更新答案:

在ECMAScript 6中,可以使用static关键字创建静态函数:

class Foo {

  static bar() {return 'I am static.'}

}

//`bar` is a property of the class
Foo.bar() // returns 'I am static.'

//`bar` is not a property of instances of the class
var foo = new Foo()
foo.bar() //-> throws TypeError

ES6类没有为静态引入任何新的语义。您可以在ES5中这样做:

//constructor
var Foo = function() {}

Foo.bar = function() {
    return 'I am static.'
}

Foo.bar() // returns 'I am static.'

var foo = new Foo()
foo.bar() // throws TypeError

您可以指定Foo的属性,因为在JavaScript中,函数是对象。

要在这里浓缩所有的类概念,请测试:

var Test = function() {
  // "super private" variable, accessible only here in constructor. There are no real private variables
  //if as 'private' we intend variables accessible only by the class that defines the member and NOT by child classes
  var test_var = "super private";

  //the only way to access the "super private" test_var is from here
  this.privileged = function(){
    console.log(test_var);
  }();

  Test.test_var = 'protected';//protected variable: accessible only form inherited methods (prototype) AND child/inherited classes

  this.init();
};//end constructor

Test.test_var = "static";//static variable: accessible everywhere (I mean, even out of prototype, see domready below)

Test.prototype = {

 init:function(){
   console.log('in',Test.test_var);
 }

};//end prototype/class


//for example:
$(document).ready(function() {

 console.log('out',Test.test_var);

 var Jake = function(){}

 Jake.prototype = new Test();

 Jake.prototype.test = function(){
   console.log('jake', Test.test_var);
 }

 var jake = new Jake();

 jake.test();//output: "protected"

});//end domready

好吧,另一种了解这些方面最佳实践的方法是看看咖啡脚本是如何翻译这些概念的。

#this is coffeescript
class Test
 #static
 @prop = "static"

 #instance
 constructor:(prop) ->
   @prop = prop
   console.log(@prop)

 t = new Test('inst_prop');

 console.log(Test.prop);


//this is how the above is translated in plain js by the CS compiler
  Test = (function() {
    Test.prop = "static";

    function Test(prop) {
     this.prop = prop;
     console.log(this.prop);
    }

    return Test;

  })();

  t = new Test('inst_prop');

  console.log(Test.prop);