我对Python非常陌生,并试图在Windows 7上安装链接检查器。一些注意事项:

pip install is failing no matter the package. For example, > pip install scrapy also results in the SSL error. Vanilla install of Python 3.4.1 included pip 1.5.6. The first thing I tried to do was install linkchecker. Python 2.7 was already installed, it came with ArcGIS. python and pip were not available from the command line until I installed 3.4.1. > pip search linkchecker works. Perhaps that is because pip search does not verify the site's SSL certificate. I am in a company network but we do not go through a proxy to reach the Internet. Each company computer (including mine) has a Trusted Root Certificate Authority that is used for various reasons including enabling monitoring TLS traffic to https://google.com. Not sure if that has anything to do with it.

下面是运行pip install linkchecker后我的pip.log的内容:

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

当前回答

你有4个选择:

使用证书作为参数

$ pip install --cert /path/to/mycertificate.crt linkchecker

使用pip.conf中的证书

创建这个文件:

$HOME/.pip/pip.conf (Linux)

%HOME%\pip\pip.ini (Windows)

然后加上这几行:

[global]
cert = /path/to/mycertificate.crt

忽略证书并使用HTTP

$ pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org linkchecker

忽略证书,在pip.conf中使用HTTP

创建这个文件:

$HOME/.pip/pip.conf (Linux)

%HOME%\pip\pip.ini (Windows)

然后加上这几行:

[global]
trusted-host = pypi.python.org

https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#configuration

其他回答

我得到了同样的错误,即使尝试了许多黑客。 所以我去了官方网站(https://pypi.org/project/),在那里我们可以找到特定软件包的车轮文件(.whl)并下载了它。

现在在命令提示符中:

PIP安装path_to_wheel_file/file_name.whl

现在文件已经成功安装。

使用——cert参数:

您可以使用以下命令指定证书:

pip --cert <path/to/cert>.pem install <package list>

例如:

pip --cert /etc/ssl/certs/FOO_Root_CA.pem install linkchecker

参见:文档»参考指南»pip

如果指定您公司的根证书不起作用,也许cURL证书可以工作:http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem

必须使用PEM文件,而不是CRT文件。如果你有一个CRT文件,你将需要将文件转换为PEM。评论中有报告说,这现在与CRT文件一起工作,但我还没有验证。

还要检查:SSL证书验证。

在64位Windows 7企业版上尝试使用ActivePython 2.7.8、ActivePython 3.4.1和“库存”Python 3.4.2安装pip ftputil时遇到同样的问题。所有尝试都失败了,错误与OP相同。

通过降级到pip 1.2.1来解决Python 3.4.2的问题:easy_install pip==1.2.1(参见https://stackoverflow.com/a/16370731/234235)。同样的修复也适用于ActivePython 2.7.8。

2013年3月报告的这个漏洞仍然存在:https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/829。

短期解决方案:

easy_install <package name>

例如:

easy_install pandas

替代解决方案:

pip install <package_name> --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org

例子:

pip install pandas --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org

你可以试着忽略“https”:

pip install --index-url=http://pypi.python.org/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.python.org  [your package..]