我对Python非常陌生,并试图在Windows 7上安装链接检查器。一些注意事项:

pip install is failing no matter the package. For example, > pip install scrapy also results in the SSL error. Vanilla install of Python 3.4.1 included pip 1.5.6. The first thing I tried to do was install linkchecker. Python 2.7 was already installed, it came with ArcGIS. python and pip were not available from the command line until I installed 3.4.1. > pip search linkchecker works. Perhaps that is because pip search does not verify the site's SSL certificate. I am in a company network but we do not go through a proxy to reach the Internet. Each company computer (including mine) has a Trusted Root Certificate Authority that is used for various reasons including enabling monitoring TLS traffic to https://google.com. Not sure if that has anything to do with it.

下面是运行pip install linkchecker后我的pip.log的内容:

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

当前回答

您可以尝试使用http而不是https来绕过SSL错误。当然,这在安全性方面并不是最优的,但如果你赶时间,它应该可以做到:

pip install --index-url=http://pypi.python.org/simple/ linkchecker

其他回答

为了一劳永逸地解决这个问题,您可以验证您有一个pip.conf文件。

根据文档,这是你的pip.conf应该在的地方:

在Unix上,默认的配置文件是:$HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf,它尊重XDG_CONFIG_HOME环境变量。 在macOS上,如果$HOME/Library/Application Support/pip目录存在,则配置文件为$HOME/.config/pip/pip.conf 在Windows上,配置文件是%APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini。

在virtualenv内部:

在Unix和macOS上,文件是$VIRTUAL_ENV/pip.conf 在Windows上,文件是:%VIRTUAL_ENV%\pip.ini

你的pip.conf应该是这样的:

[global]
trusted-host = pypi.python.org

pip install linkchecker在我创建pip.conf文件后安装linkchecker,没有抱怨。

只是把这个放在这里,因为我没有看到其他人提到它。

你可以像这样设置全局可信主机为pip:

py -m pip config set global.trusted-host pypi.org

最重要的是,它将返回放置pip.ini/pip.conf的正确位置

我得到了同样的错误,即使尝试了许多黑客。 所以我去了官方网站(https://pypi.org/project/),在那里我们可以找到特定软件包的车轮文件(.whl)并下载了它。

现在在命令提示符中:

PIP安装path_to_wheel_file/file_name.whl

现在文件已经成功安装。

到现在为止,当pip升级到10,现在他们已经把路径从pypi.python.org更改为files.pythonhosted.org 请将命令更新为pip——trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org install python_package

TLDR:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

所以,我已经有了30多个问题的答案,但在2020年6月(封锁期间),什么都对我没用。 这些都是在过去的不同时刻被给予的。我将努力让这个答案在未来的任何时候都适用。 问题是,当pip安装包时,它会尝试连接存储包的主机URL,并且在下载时不相信URL。

有两种方法可以解决这个问题: 容易的,不安全的: 1. 检查哪个URL被pip击中下载包。

pip install <packageName> -vvv

如果你仔细检查输出,你会发现它可能会指向一些URL,比如pypi.org或者pypi.python.org。

如果是,只需添加可信主机选项到命令如下:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org <packageName> -vvv

或者如果你使用的是需求文件:

pip install --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org -r requirements.txt -vvv

安全的方法:

转到这些URL并下载它们的公共证书(只要谷歌如何下载),创建一个链,将其存储为.pem文件,并运行以下命令:

pip --cert YourPemFile.pem install <packageName>