I find myself frequently using Python's interpreter to work with databases, files, etc -- basically a lot of manual formatting of semi-structured data. I don't properly save and clean up the useful bits as often as I would like. Is there a way to save my input into the shell (db connections, variable assignments, little for loops and bits of logic) -- some history of the interactive session? If I use something like script I get too much stdout noise. I don't really need to pickle all the objects -- though if there is a solution that does that, it would be OK. Ideally I would just be left with a script that ran as the one I created interactively, and I could just delete the bits I didn't need. Is there a package that does this, or a DIY approach?
当前回答
有一种方法可以做到。将文件存储在~/.pystartup…
# Add auto-completion and a stored history file of commands to your Python
# interactive interpreter. Requires Python 2.0+, readline. Autocomplete is
# bound to the Esc key by default (you can change it - see readline docs).
#
# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point
# to it: "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/home/user/.pystartup" in bash.
#
# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the
# full path to your home directory.
import atexit
import os
import readline
import rlcompleter
historyPath = os.path.expanduser("~/.pyhistory")
def save_history(historyPath=historyPath):
import readline
readline.write_history_file(historyPath)
if os.path.exists(historyPath):
readline.read_history_file(historyPath)
atexit.register(save_history)
del os, atexit, readline, rlcompleter, save_history, historyPath
然后在shell中设置环境变量PYTHONSTARTUP(例如在~/.bashrc中):
export PYTHONSTARTUP=$HOME/.pystartup
你也可以添加这个来获得免费的自动补全:
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
请注意，这只适用于*nix系统。因为readline只在Unix平台上可用。
其他回答
就Linux而言，人们可以使用脚本命令来记录整个会话。它是util-linux包的一部分，所以应该在大多数Linux系统上。你可以创建一个别名或函数，调用script -c python，并保存到typescript文件中。例如，这里有一个这样的文件的再版。
$ cat typescript
Script started on Sat 14 May 2016 08:30:08 AM MDT
Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print 'Hello Pythonic World'
Hello Pythonic World
>>>
Script done on Sat 14 May 2016 08:30:42 AM MDT
这里的一个小缺点是，脚本会记录所有内容，甚至换行，无论何时点击退格等等。所以你可能想使用col来清理输出(参见这篇关于Unix&Linux Stackexchange的文章)。
来自安德鲁·琼斯的网站(存档):
import readline
readline.write_history_file('/home/ahj/history')
对于那些使用spacemacs和python层附带的ipython的人来说，save magic会创建大量不必要的输出，因为不断的自动补全命令在后台工作，例如:
len(all_suffixes)
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''len'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_substa'''))
len(all_substantives_w_suffixes)
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''len'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_w'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_wo'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_wor'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_word'''))
';'.join(__PYTHON_EL_get_completions('''all_words'''))
len(all_words_w_logograms)
len(all_verbs)
为了避免这种情况，只需保存ipython缓冲区，就像通常保存任何其他:spc f一样
保存XUbuntu的输入输出:
在XWindows中，从Xfce终端应用程序运行iPython 单击顶部菜单栏中的“终端”，在下拉菜单中查找保存内容
我发现这节省了输入和输出，一直追溯到我打开终端的时候。这不是特定于ipython的，它与ssh会话或从终端窗口运行的其他任务一起工作。
我想建议另一种在linux上通过tmux维护python会话的方法。运行tmux，将自己附加到所打开的会话(如果直接打开后没有附加)。执行python并在它上做任何事情。然后从会话中分离。从tmux会话分离并不会关闭会话。会议仍然开放。
这种方法的优点: 您可以从任何其他设备连接到此会话(如果您可以SSH您的pc)
这种方法的缺点: 在python解释器真正存在之前，此方法不会放弃被打开的python会话所使用的资源。
