在java.net.http.HttpClient上使用授权的解决方案:

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
        .GET()
        .header("Accept", "application/json")
        // .header("Authorization", "Basic ci5raG9kemhhZXY6NDdiYdfjlmNUM=") if you need
        .uri(URI.create("https://jira.google.ru/secure/attachment/234096/screenshot-1.png"))
        .build();

HttpResponse<InputStream> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofInputStream());

try (InputStream in = response.body()) {
    Files.copy(in, Paths.get(target + "screenshot-1.png"), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}

使用Apache Commons IO。它只是一行代码:

FileUtils.copyURLToFile(URL, File)

public class DownloadManager {

    static String urls = "[WEBSITE NAME]";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        URL url = verify(urls);
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream in = null;
        String filename = url.getFile();
        filename = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Java2_programiranje/Network/DownloadTest1/Project/Output" + File.separator + filename);
        in = connection.getInputStream();
        int read = -1;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        while((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
            out.write(buffer, 0, read);
            System.out.println("[SYSTEM/INFO]: Downloading file...");
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
        System.out.println("[SYSTEM/INFO]: File Downloaded!");
    }
    private static URL verify(String url){
        if(!url.toLowerCase().startsWith("http://")) {
            return null;
        }
        URL verifyUrl = null;

        try{
            verifyUrl = new URL(url);
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return verifyUrl;
    }
}

这是另一个基于Brian Risk的答案的Java 7变体，使用了try-with语句:

public static void downloadFileFromURL(String urlString, File destination) throws Throwable {

    URL website = new URL(urlString);
    try(
        ReadableByteChannel rbc = Channels.newChannel(website.openStream());
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(destination);
       ) {

        fos.getChannel().transferFrom(rbc, 0, Long.MAX_VALUE);
    }
}

就我个人而言，我发现Apache的HttpClient在这方面比我需要做的任何事情都有能力。这里有一个关于使用HttpClient的很棒的教程

更简单的非阻塞I/O用法:

URL website = new URL("http://www.website.com/information.asp");
try (InputStream in = website.openStream()) {
    Files.copy(in, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}