如果你不想强迫你的用户安装pip，你可以模仿它的行为:

import sys

from os import path as p

try:
    from setuptools import setup, find_packages
except ImportError:
    from distutils.core import setup, find_packages


def read(filename, parent=None):
    parent = (parent or __file__)

    try:
        with open(p.join(p.dirname(parent), filename)) as f:
            return f.read()
    except IOError:
        return ''


def parse_requirements(filename, parent=None):
    parent = (parent or __file__)
    filepath = p.join(p.dirname(parent), filename)
    content = read(filename, parent)

    for line_number, line in enumerate(content.splitlines(), 1):
        candidate = line.strip()

        if candidate.startswith('-r'):
            for item in parse_requirements(candidate[2:].strip(), filepath):
                yield item
        else:
            yield candidate

setup(
...
    install_requires=list(parse_requirements('requirements.txt'))
)

另一个parse_requirements黑客也将环境标记解析为extras_require:

from collections import defaultdict
from pip.req import parse_requirements

requirements = []
extras = defaultdict(list)
for r in parse_requirements('requirements.txt', session='hack'):
    if r.markers:
        extras[':' + str(r.markers)].append(str(r.req))
    else:
        requirements.append(str(r.req))

setup(
    ...,
    install_requires=requirements,
    extras_require=extras
)

它应该同时支持sdist和binary dist。

正如其他人所说，parse_requirements有几个缺点，所以这不是您在公共项目中应该做的，但对于内部/个人项目可能足够了。

以下接口在pip 10中已弃用:

from pip.req import parse_requirements
from pip.download import PipSession

所以我把它转换成简单的文本解析:

with open('requirements.txt', 'r') as f:
    install_reqs = [
        s for s in [
            line.split('#', 1)[0].strip(' \t\n') for line in f
        ] if s != ''
    ]

另一个可能的解决方案……

def gather_requirements(top_path=None):
    """Captures requirements from repo.

    Expected file format is: requirements[-_]<optional-extras>.txt

    For example:

        pip install -e .[foo]

    Would require:

        requirements-foo.txt

        or

        requirements_foo.txt

    """
    from pip.download import PipSession
    from pip.req import parse_requirements
    import re

    session = PipSession()
    top_path = top_path or os.path.realpath(os.getcwd())
    extras = {}
    for filepath in tree(top_path):
        filename = os.path.basename(filepath)
        basename, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        if ext == '.txt' and basename.startswith('requirements'):
            if filename == 'requirements.txt':
                extra_name = 'requirements'
            else:
                _, extra_name = re.split(r'[-_]', basename, 1)
            if extra_name:
                reqs = [str(ir.req) for ir in parse_requirements(filepath, session=session)]
                extras.setdefault(extra_name, []).extend(reqs)
    all_reqs = set()
    for key, values in extras.items():
        all_reqs.update(values)
    extras['all'] = list(all_reqs)
    return extras

然后使用…

reqs = gather_requirements()
install_reqs = reqs.pop('requirements', [])
test_reqs = reqs.pop('test', [])
...
setup(
    ...
    'install_requires': install_reqs,
    'test_requires': test_reqs,
    'extras_require': reqs,
    ...
)

我是这样做的:

import re

def requirements(filename):
    with open(filename) as f:
        ll = f.read().splitlines()
    d = {}
    for l in ll:
        k, v = re.split(r'==|>=', l)
        d[k] = v
    return d

def packageInfo():
    try:
        from pip._internal.operations import freeze
    except ImportError:
        from pip.operations import freeze

    d = {}
    for kv in freeze.freeze():
        k, v = re.split(r'==|>=', kv)
        d[k] = v
    return d

req = getpackver('requirements.txt')
pkginfo = packageInfo()

for k, v in req.items():
    print(f'{k:<16}: {v:<6} -> {pkginfo[k]}')

它不能接受文件句柄。install_requires参数只能是字符串或字符串列表。

当然，您可以在设置脚本中读取您的文件，并将其作为字符串列表传递给install_requires。

import os
from setuptools import setup

with open('requirements.txt') as f:
    required = f.read().splitlines()

setup(...
install_requires=required,
...)