这可能对其他人有用:

使用AccountPicker在没有任何全局权限的情况下获取用户的电子邮件地址，并允许用户知道并授权或取消该过程。

Android 8及以上-

步骤1 -在“AndroidManifest.xml -”中添加如下代码

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

步骤2 -在运行时请求权限的活动中添加以下代码。

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if ((ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) && (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
                getGoogleAccounts();
            }

            else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, 1);
                //return false;
            }
        }

步骤3 -为onRequestPermissionsResult -添加代码

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if(grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){

            getGoogleAccounts();
        }
    }

步骤4 -最后添加代码以使用AccountManager检索帐户

private void getGoogleAccounts(){

   AccountManager am = AccountManager.get(this); // "this" references the current Context
    Account[] accounts = am.getAccountsByType("com.google");

    for (Account acc : accounts){
        System.out.println("http accounts " + acc);
    }
}

请参考以下链接的变化在安卓8 - https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0-changes#aaad

有几种方法可以做到这一点，如下所示。

作为一个友好的警告，在处理帐户、个人资料和联系人数据时，要谨慎和坦率地对待用户。如果你误用了用户的电子邮件地址或其他个人信息，就会发生不好的事情。

方法A:使用AccountManager (API级别5+)

您可以使用AccountManager。getAccounts或AccountManager。getAccountsByType获取设备上所有帐户名的列表。幸运的是，对于某些帐户类型(包括com.google)，帐户名称是电子邮件地址。下面是示例片段。

Pattern emailPattern = Patterns.EMAIL_ADDRESS; // API level 8+
Account[] accounts = AccountManager.get(context).getAccounts();
for (Account account : accounts) {
    if (emailPattern.matcher(account.name).matches()) {
        String possibleEmail = account.name;
        ...
    }
}

注意，这需要GET_ACCOUNTS权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

关于使用AccountManager的更多信息可以在SDK中的Contact Manager示例代码中找到。

方法二:使用ContactsContract。简介(API等级14+)

从Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)开始，你可以通过访问用户的个人资料来获取用户的电子邮件地址。访问用户配置文件有点重量级，因为它需要两个权限(下文将详细介绍)，但电子邮件地址是相当敏感的数据，因此这是入场费。

下面是一个使用CursorLoader检索包含电子邮件地址的配置文件数据行的完整示例。

public class ExampleActivity extends Activity implements LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
    }

    @Override
    public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle arguments) {
        return new CursorLoader(this,
                // Retrieve data rows for the device user's 'profile' contact.
                Uri.withAppendedPath(
                        ContactsContract.Profile.CONTENT_URI,
                        ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.CONTENT_DIRECTORY),
                ProfileQuery.PROJECTION,

                // Select only email addresses.
                ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.MIMETYPE + " = ?",
                new String[]{ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE},

                // Show primary email addresses first. Note that there won't be
                // a primary email address if the user hasn't specified one.
                ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.IS_PRIMARY + " DESC");
    }

    @Override
    public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> cursorLoader, Cursor cursor) {
        List<String> emails = new ArrayList<String>();
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        while (!cursor.isAfterLast()) {
            emails.add(cursor.getString(ProfileQuery.ADDRESS));
            // Potentially filter on ProfileQuery.IS_PRIMARY
            cursor.moveToNext();
        }

        ...
    }

    @Override
    public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> cursorLoader) {
    }

    private interface ProfileQuery {
        String[] PROJECTION = {
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.ADDRESS,
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.IS_PRIMARY,
        };

        int ADDRESS = 0;
        int IS_PRIMARY = 1;
    }
}

这需要READ_PROFILE和READ_CONTACTS权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PROFILE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

使用这个方法:

 public String getUserEmail() {
    AccountManager manager = AccountManager.get(App.getInstance());
    Account[] accounts = manager.getAccountsByType("com.google");
    List<String> possibleEmails = new LinkedList<>();
    for (Account account : accounts) {
        possibleEmails.add(account.name);
    }
    if (!possibleEmails.isEmpty() && possibleEmails.get(0) != null) {
        return possibleEmails.get(0);
    }
    return "";
}

注意，这需要GET_ACCOUNTS权限:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />

然后:

editTextEmailAddress.setText(getUserEmail());

建议的答案将不再有效，因为从android 8开始有新的限制。

更多信息请访问:https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0-changes.html#aaad

public String getUsername() {
    AccountManager manager = AccountManager.get(this);
    Account[] accounts = manager.getAccountsByType("com.google");
    List<String> possibleEmails = new LinkedList<String>();

    for (Account account : accounts) {
        // TODO: Check possibleEmail against an email regex or treat
        // account.name as an email address only for certain account.type values.
        possibleEmails.add(account.name);
    }

    if (!possibleEmails.isEmpty() && possibleEmails.get(0) != null) {
        String email = possibleEmails.get(0);
        String[] parts = email.split("@");

        if (parts.length > 1)
            return parts[0];
    }
    return null;
}