如何递归列出所有文件在一个目录和子目录在c# ?


当前回答

以下是我的观点,基于Hernaldo’s,如果你需要找到具有特定模式名称的文件,例如XML文件,它们的名称中包含特定的字符串:

// call this like so: GetXMLFiles("Platypus", "C:\\");
public static List<string> GetXMLFiles(string fileType, string dir)
{
    string dirName = dir; 
    var fileNames = new List<String>();
    try
    {
        foreach (string f in Directory.GetFiles(dirName))
        {
            if ((f.Contains(fileType)) && (f.Contains(".XML")))
            {
                fileNames.Add(f);
            }
        }
        foreach (string d in Directory.GetDirectories(dirName))
        {
            GetXMLFiles(fileType, d);
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
    }
    return fileNames;
}

其他回答

这篇文章涵盖了您需要的所有内容。除了与搜索文件和比较名称不同,只需打印出名称。

可以这样修改:

static void DirSearch(string sDir)
{
    try
    {
        foreach (string d in Directory.GetDirectories(sDir))
        {
            foreach (string f in Directory.GetFiles(d))
            {
                Console.WriteLine(f);
            }
            DirSearch(d);
        }
    }
    catch (System.Exception excpt)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(excpt.Message);
    }
}

barlop添加

GONeale提到上面没有列出当前目录中的文件,并建议将文件列表部分放在获取目录的部分之外。下面的代码可以做到这一点。它还包括一个Writeline行,你可以取消注释,这有助于跟踪你在递归中的位置,这可能有助于显示调用,帮助显示递归是如何工作的。

            DirSearch_ex3("c:\\aaa");
            static void DirSearch_ex3(string sDir)
            {
                //Console.WriteLine("DirSearch..(" + sDir + ")");
                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(sDir);

                    foreach (string f in Directory.GetFiles(sDir))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(f);
                    }

                    foreach (string d in Directory.GetDirectories(sDir))
                    {
                        DirSearch_ex3(d);
                    }
                }
                catch (System.Exception excpt)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(excpt.Message);
                }
            }

一个简单干净的解决方案

/// <summary>
/// Scans a folder and all of its subfolders recursively, and updates the List of files
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sFullPath">Full path of the folder</param>
/// <param name="files">The list, where the output is expected</param>
internal static void EnumerateFiles(string sFullPath, List<FileInfo> fileInfoList)
{
    try
    {
        DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(sFullPath);
        FileInfo[] files = di.GetFiles();

        foreach (FileInfo file in files)
            fileInfoList.Add(file);

        //Scan recursively
        DirectoryInfo[] dirs = di.GetDirectories();
        if (dirs == null || dirs.Length < 1)
            return;
        foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in dirs)
            EnumerateFiles(dir.FullName, fileInfoList);

    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Logger.Write("Exception in Helper.EnumerateFiles", ex);
    }
}

一些改进版本,最大lvl下到目录和选项排除文件夹:

using System;
using System.IO;

class MainClass {
  public static void Main (string[] args) {

    var dir = @"C:\directory\to\print";
    PrintDirectoryTree(dir, 2, new string[] {"folder3"});
  }


  public static void PrintDirectoryTree(string directory, int lvl, string[] excludedFolders = null, string lvlSeperator = "")
  {
    excludedFolders = excludedFolders ?? new string[0];

    foreach (string f in Directory.GetFiles(directory))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(lvlSeperator+Path.GetFileName(f));
    } 

    foreach (string d in Directory.GetDirectories(directory))
    {
        Console.WriteLine(lvlSeperator + "-" + Path.GetFileName(d));

        if(lvl > 0 && Array.IndexOf(excludedFolders, Path.GetFileName(d)) < 0)
        {
          PrintDirectoryTree(d, lvl-1, excludedFolders, lvlSeperator+"  ");
        }
    }
  }
}

输入目录:

-folder1
  file1.txt
  -folder2
    file2.txt
    -folder5
      file6.txt
  -folder3
    file3.txt
  -folder4
    file4.txt
    file5.txt

函数的输出(由于lvl限制,folder5的内容被排除,folder3的内容被排除,因为它在excldedfolders数组中):

-folder1
  file1.txt
  -folder2
    file2.txt
    -folder5
  -folder3
  -folder4
    file4.txt
    file5.txt

如果您只需要文件名,并且由于我不喜欢这里的大多数解决方案(特性或可读性方面),那么这个懒惰的解决方案如何?

private void Foo()
{
  var files = GetAllFiles("pathToADirectory");
  foreach (string file in files)
  {
      // Use can use Path.GetFileName() or similar to extract just the filename if needed
      // You can break early and it won't still browse your whole disk since it's a lazy one
  }
}

/// <exception cref="T:System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException">The specified path is invalid (for example, it is on an unmapped drive).</exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.UnauthorizedAccessException">The caller does not have the required permission.</exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.IO.IOException"><paramref name="path" /> is a file name.-or-A network error has occurred.</exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.IO.PathTooLongException">The specified path, file name, or both exceed the system-defined maximum length. For example, on Windows-based platforms, paths must be less than 248 characters and file names must be less than 260 characters.</exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="path" /> is null.</exception>
/// <exception cref="T:System.ArgumentException"><paramref name="path" /> is a zero-length string, contains only white space, or contains one or more invalid characters as defined by <see cref="F:System.IO.Path.InvalidPathChars" />.</exception>
[NotNull]
public static IEnumerable<string> GetAllFiles([NotNull] string directory)
{
  foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(directory))
  {
    yield return file; // includes the path
  }

  foreach (string subDir in Directory.GetDirectories(directory))
  {
    foreach (string subFile in GetAllFiles(subDir))
    {
      yield return subFile;
    }
  }
}

注意。net 4.0中内置了基于迭代器的(而不是基于数组的)文件函数:

foreach (string file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(path, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
{
    Console.WriteLine(file);
}

现在我会使用如下的方法;如果你不能访问单个子目录,那么内置的递归方法很容易崩溃…;Queue<string>的使用避免了太多的调用堆栈递归,迭代器块避免了我们拥有一个巨大的数组。

static void Main() {
    foreach (string file in GetFiles(SOME_PATH)) {
        Console.WriteLine(file);
    }
}

static IEnumerable<string> GetFiles(string path) {
    Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>();
    queue.Enqueue(path);
    while (queue.Count > 0) {
        path = queue.Dequeue();
        try {
            foreach (string subDir in Directory.GetDirectories(path)) {
                queue.Enqueue(subDir);
            }
        }
        catch(Exception ex) {
            Console.Error.WriteLine(ex);
        }
        string[] files = null;
        try {
            files = Directory.GetFiles(path);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            Console.Error.WriteLine(ex);
        }
        if (files != null) {
            for(int i = 0 ; i < files.Length ; i++) {
                yield return files[i];
            }
        }
    }
}