我有一个表,我想获得每组的最新条目。下面是表格:
DocumentStatusLogs表
|ID| DocumentID | Status | DateCreated |
| 2| 1 | S1 | 7/29/2011 |
| 3| 1 | S2 | 7/30/2011 |
| 6| 1 | S1 | 8/02/2011 |
| 1| 2 | S1 | 7/28/2011 |
| 4| 2 | S2 | 7/30/2011 |
| 5| 2 | S3 | 8/01/2011 |
| 6| 3 | S1 | 8/02/2011 |
该表将按documententid分组,并按DateCreated降序排序。对于每个documententid,我希望获得最新的状态。
我的首选输出:
| DocumentID | Status | DateCreated |
| 1 | S1 | 8/02/2011 |
| 2 | S3 | 8/01/2011 |
| 3 | S1 | 8/02/2011 |
Is there any aggregate function to get only the top from each group? See pseudo-code GetOnlyTheTop below:
SELECT
DocumentID,
GetOnlyTheTop(Status),
GetOnlyTheTop(DateCreated)
FROM DocumentStatusLogs
GROUP BY DocumentID
ORDER BY DateCreated DESC
If such function doesn't exist, is there any way I can achieve the output I want?
Or at the first place, could this be caused by unnormalized database? I'm thinking, since what I'm looking for is just one row, should that status also be located in the parent table?
更多信息请参见父表:
当前文档表
| DocumentID | Title | Content | DateCreated |
| 1 | TitleA | ... | ... |
| 2 | TitleB | ... | ... |
| 3 | TitleC | ... | ... |
父表应该是这样的,以便我可以轻松地访问它的状态吗?
| DocumentID | Title | Content | DateCreated | CurrentStatus |
| 1 | TitleA | ... | ... | s1 |
| 2 | TitleB | ... | ... | s3 |
| 3 | TitleC | ... | ... | s1 |
更新
我刚刚学会了如何使用“apply”,它可以更容易地解决这类问题。
这里有3种不同的方法来解决这个问题,以及为每个查询建立索引的最佳选择(请自己尝试索引,并查看逻辑读取、消耗时间和执行计划。我根据自己的经验提供了关于此类查询的建议,但没有针对这个特定问题执行)。
方法1:使用ROW_NUMBER()。如果rowstore索引不能提高性能,对于具有聚合和分组的查询以及始终按不同列排序的表,可以尝试使用非聚集/聚集的columnstore索引,columnstore索引通常是最佳选择。
;WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT *,
RN = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC)
FROM DocumentStatusLogs
)
SELECT ID
,DocumentID
,Status
,DateCreated
FROM CTE
WHERE RN = 1;
方法2:使用FIRST_VALUE。如果rowstore索引不能提高性能,对于具有聚合和分组的查询以及始终按不同列排序的表,可以尝试使用非聚集/聚集的columnstore索引,columnstore索引通常是最佳选择。
SELECT DISTINCT
ID = FIRST_VALUE(ID) OVER (PARTITION BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC)
,DocumentID
,Status = FIRST_VALUE(Status) OVER (PARTITION BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC)
,DateCreated = FIRST_VALUE(DateCreated) OVER (PARTITION BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC)
FROM DocumentStatusLogs;
方法3:使用CROSS APPLY。在DocumentStatusLogs表上创建涵盖查询中使用的列的行存储索引应该足以覆盖查询,而不需要columnstore索引。
SELECT DISTINCT
ID = CA.ID
,DocumentID = D.DocumentID
,Status = CA.Status
,DateCreated = CA.DateCreated
FROM DocumentStatusLogs D
CROSS APPLY (
SELECT TOP 1 I.*
FROM DocumentStatusLogs I
WHERE I.DocumentID = D.DocumentID
ORDER BY I.DateCreated DESC
) CA;
I've done some timings over the various recommendations here, and the results really depend on the size of the table involved, but the most consistent solution is using the CROSS APPLY These tests were run against SQL Server 2008-R2, using a table with 6,500 records, and another (identical schema) with 137 million records. The columns being queried are part of the primary key on the table, and the table width is very small (about 30 bytes). The times are reported by SQL Server from the actual execution plan.
Query Time for 6500 (ms) Time for 137M(ms)
CROSS APPLY 17.9 17.9
SELECT WHERE col = (SELECT MAX(COL)…) 6.6 854.4
DENSE_RANK() OVER PARTITION 6.6 907.1
我认为真正令人惊讶的是,无论涉及的行数是多少,CROSS APPLY的时间都是如此一致。
在你想避免使用row_count()的场景中,你也可以使用左连接:
select ds.DocumentID, ds.Status, ds.DateCreated
from DocumentStatusLogs ds
left join DocumentStatusLogs filter
ON ds.DocumentID = filter.DocumentID
-- Match any row that has another row that was created after it.
AND ds.DateCreated < filter.DateCreated
-- then filter out any rows that matched
where filter.DocumentID is null
对于示例模式,你也可以使用"not in subquery",它通常编译到与左连接相同的输出:
select ds.DocumentID, ds.Status, ds.DateCreated
from DocumentStatusLogs ds
WHERE ds.ID NOT IN (
SELECT filter.ID
FROM DocumentStatusLogs filter
WHERE ds.DocumentID = filter.DocumentID
AND ds.DateCreated < filter.DateCreated)
注意,如果表没有至少一个单列唯一键/约束/索引(在本例中是主键“Id”),那么子查询模式将无法工作。
这两个查询往往比row_count()查询(由query Analyzer衡量)更“昂贵”。但是,您可能会遇到它们更快地返回结果或启用其他优化的情况。
SELECT * FROM
DocumentStatusLogs JOIN (
SELECT DocumentID, MAX(DateCreated) DateCreated
FROM DocumentStatusLogs
GROUP BY DocumentID
) max_date USING (DocumentID, DateCreated)
什么数据库服务器?这段代码并不是对所有的都有效。
关于你问题的后半部分,我认为应该在一栏中写上“地位”。您可以将DocumentStatusLogs保留为日志,但仍然将最新信息存储在主表中。
顺便说一句,如果你已经在文档表中有DateCreated列,你可以使用它来加入DocumentStatusLogs(只要DateCreated在DocumentStatusLogs中是唯一的)。
编辑:MsSQL不支持USING,因此将其更改为:
ON DocumentStatusLogs.DocumentID = max_date.DocumentID AND DocumentStatusLogs.DateCreated = max_date.DateCreated