我有一个表,我想获得每组的最新条目。下面是表格:

DocumentStatusLogs表

|ID| DocumentID | Status | DateCreated |
| 2| 1          | S1     | 7/29/2011   |
| 3| 1          | S2     | 7/30/2011   |
| 6| 1          | S1     | 8/02/2011   |
| 1| 2          | S1     | 7/28/2011   |
| 4| 2          | S2     | 7/30/2011   |
| 5| 2          | S3     | 8/01/2011   |
| 6| 3          | S1     | 8/02/2011   |

该表将按documententid分组,并按DateCreated降序排序。对于每个documententid,我希望获得最新的状态。

我的首选输出:

| DocumentID | Status | DateCreated |
| 1          | S1     | 8/02/2011   |
| 2          | S3     | 8/01/2011   |
| 3          | S1     | 8/02/2011   |

Is there any aggregate function to get only the top from each group? See pseudo-code GetOnlyTheTop below: SELECT DocumentID, GetOnlyTheTop(Status), GetOnlyTheTop(DateCreated) FROM DocumentStatusLogs GROUP BY DocumentID ORDER BY DateCreated DESC If such function doesn't exist, is there any way I can achieve the output I want? Or at the first place, could this be caused by unnormalized database? I'm thinking, since what I'm looking for is just one row, should that status also be located in the parent table?

更多信息请参见父表:

当前文档表

| DocumentID | Title  | Content  | DateCreated |
| 1          | TitleA | ...      | ...         |
| 2          | TitleB | ...      | ...         |
| 3          | TitleC | ...      | ...         |

父表应该是这样的,以便我可以轻松地访问它的状态吗?

| DocumentID | Title  | Content  | DateCreated | CurrentStatus |
| 1          | TitleA | ...      | ...         | s1            |
| 2          | TitleB | ...      | ...         | s3            |
| 3          | TitleC | ...      | ...         | s1            |

更新 我刚刚学会了如何使用“apply”,它可以更容易地解决这类问题。


当前回答

我相信这是可以做到的。这可能需要一些调整,但你可以从组中选择最大值。

这些答案太夸张了。

SELECT
  d.DocumentID,
  MAX(d.Status),
  MAX(d1.DateCreated)
FROM DocumentStatusLogs d, DocumentStatusLogs d1
USING DocumentID
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 3 DESC

其他回答

在你想避免使用row_count()的场景中,你也可以使用左连接:

select ds.DocumentID, ds.Status, ds.DateCreated 
from DocumentStatusLogs ds
left join DocumentStatusLogs filter 
    ON ds.DocumentID = filter.DocumentID
    -- Match any row that has another row that was created after it.
    AND ds.DateCreated < filter.DateCreated
-- then filter out any rows that matched 
where filter.DocumentID is null 

对于示例模式,你也可以使用"not in subquery",它通常编译到与左连接相同的输出:

select ds.DocumentID, ds.Status, ds.DateCreated 
from DocumentStatusLogs ds
WHERE ds.ID NOT IN (
    SELECT filter.ID 
    FROM DocumentStatusLogs filter
    WHERE ds.DocumentID = filter.DocumentID
        AND ds.DateCreated < filter.DateCreated)

注意,如果表没有至少一个单列唯一键/约束/索引(在本例中是主键“Id”),那么子查询模式将无法工作。

这两个查询往往比row_count()查询(由query Analyzer衡量)更“昂贵”。但是,您可能会遇到它们更快地返回结果或启用其他优化的情况。

这是这个话题中最容易找到的问题之一,所以我想给出一个现代的答案(既供我参考,也帮助其他人)。通过使用first_value和over,你可以简化上面的查询:

Select distinct DocumentID
  , first_value(status) over (partition by DocumentID order by DateCreated Desc) as Status
  , first_value(DateCreated) over (partition by DocumentID order by DateCreated Desc) as DateCreated
From DocumentStatusLogs

这应该工作在Sql Server 2008及更高。First_value可以被认为是在使用over子句时实现Select Top 1的一种方法。Over允许在选择列表中分组,而不是编写嵌套的子查询(像许多现有的答案那样),这以一种更可读的方式进行。希望这能有所帮助。

CROSS APPLY是我在解决方案中使用的方法,因为它对我和客户的需求都有效。从我所读到的,应该提供最好的整体性能,如果他们的数据库大幅增长。

我相信这是可以做到的。这可能需要一些调整,但你可以从组中选择最大值。

这些答案太夸张了。

SELECT
  d.DocumentID,
  MAX(d.Status),
  MAX(d1.DateCreated)
FROM DocumentStatusLogs d, DocumentStatusLogs d1
USING DocumentID
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 3 DESC

此解决方案可用于获取每个分区的TOP N最近行(在本例中,WHERE语句中的N为1,partition为doc_id):

SELECT T.doc_id, T.status, T.date_created FROM 
(
    SELECT a.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY doc_id ORDER BY date_created DESC) AS rnk FROM doc a
) T
WHERE T.rnk = 1;