我有以下列举:

public enum AuthenticationMethod
{
    FORMS = 1,
    WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = 2,
    SINGLESIGNON = 3
}

然而问题是,当我请求AuthenticationMethod时,我需要“FORMS”这个词。表单而不是id

对于这个问题,我找到了以下解决方案(链接):

首先,我需要创建一个自定义属性“StringValue”:

public class StringValue : System.Attribute
{
    private readonly string _value;

    public StringValue(string value)
    {
        _value = value;
    }

    public string Value
    {
        get { return _value; }
    }

}

然后我可以将这个属性添加到我的枚举器中:

public enum AuthenticationMethod
{
    [StringValue("FORMS")]
    FORMS = 1,
    [StringValue("WINDOWS")]
    WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = 2,
    [StringValue("SSO")]
    SINGLESIGNON = 3
}

当然,我需要一些东西来检索StringValue:

public static class StringEnum
{
    public static string GetStringValue(Enum value)
    {
        string output = null;
        Type type = value.GetType();

        //Check first in our cached results...

        //Look for our 'StringValueAttribute' 

        //in the field's custom attributes

        FieldInfo fi = type.GetField(value.ToString());
        StringValue[] attrs =
           fi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(StringValue),
                                   false) as StringValue[];
        if (attrs.Length > 0)
        {
            output = attrs[0].Value;
        }

        return output;
    }
}

很好,现在我已经有了工具来获取枚举器的字符串值。 然后我可以这样使用它:

string valueOfAuthenticationMethod = StringEnum.GetStringValue(AuthenticationMethod.FORMS);

好的,现在所有这些工作就像一个魅力,但我发现它有很多工作。我想知道有没有更好的解决办法。

我还尝试了一些字典和静态属性,但这也不是更好。


当前回答

您可以声明enum和字典,其中键将是枚举的值。以后,您可以参考字典来获取该值。因此,可以将形参作为枚举类型传递给函数,但要从字典中获取实际值:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace console_test
{
    class Program
    {
        #region SaveFormat
        internal enum SaveFormat
        {
            DOCX,
            PDF
        }

        internal static Dictionary<SaveFormat,string> DictSaveFormat = new Dictionary<SaveFormat, string>
        {
            { SaveFormat.DOCX,"This is value for DOCX enum item" },
            { SaveFormat.PDF,"This is value for PDF enum item" }
        };

        internal static void enum_value_test(SaveFormat save_format)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(DictSaveFormat[save_format]);
        }
        #endregion

        internal static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            enum_value_test(SaveFormat.DOCX);//Output: This is value for DOCX enum item
            Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . ");
            Console.ReadKey(true);
        }
    }
}

其他回答

试试type-safe-enum模式。

public sealed class AuthenticationMethod {

    private readonly String name;
    private readonly int value;

    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod FORMS = new AuthenticationMethod (1, "FORMS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION = new AuthenticationMethod (2, "WINDOWS");
    public static readonly AuthenticationMethod SINGLESIGNON = new AuthenticationMethod (3, "SSN");        

    private AuthenticationMethod(int value, String name){
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
    }

    public override String ToString(){
        return name;
    }

}

更新 显式(或隐式)类型转换可以通过

adding static field with mapping private static readonly Dictionary<string, AuthenticationMethod> instance = new Dictionary<string,AuthenticationMethod>(); n.b. In order that the initialisation of the the "enum member" fields doesn't throw a NullReferenceException when calling the instance constructor, be sure to put the Dictionary field before the "enum member" fields in your class. This is because static field initialisers are called in declaration order, and before the static constructor, creating the weird and necessary but confusing situation that the instance constructor can be called before all static fields have been initialised, and before the static constructor is called. filling this mapping in instance constructor instance[name] = this; and adding user-defined type conversion operator public static explicit operator AuthenticationMethod(string str) { AuthenticationMethod result; if (instance.TryGetValue(str, out result)) return result; else throw new InvalidCastException(); }

对于较大的字符串enum集,列出的示例可能会变得令人厌烦。如果您想要一个状态代码列表,或者其他基于字符串的枚举列表,那么属性系统使用起来很麻烦,而带有自身实例的静态类配置起来也很麻烦。对于我自己的解决方案,我使用了T4模板,以便更容易地使用字符串支持的枚举。结果与HttpMethod类的工作方式类似。

你可以这样使用它:

    string statusCode = ResponseStatusCode.SUCCESS; // Automatically converts to string when needed
    ResponseStatusCode codeByValueOf = ResponseStatusCode.ValueOf(statusCode); // Returns null if not found

    // Implements TypeConverter so you can use it with string conversion methods.
    var converter = System.ComponentModel.TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(ResponseStatusCode));
    ResponseStatusCode code = (ResponseStatusCode) converter.ConvertFromInvariantString(statusCode);

    // You can get a full list of the values
    bool canIterateOverValues = ResponseStatusCode.Values.Any(); 

    // Comparisons are by value of the "Name" property. Not by memory pointer location.
    bool implementsByValueEqualsEqualsOperator = "SUCCESS" == ResponseStatusCode.SUCCESS; 

你从Enum开始。tt文件。

<#@ include file="StringEnum.ttinclude" #>


<#+
public static class Configuration
{
    public static readonly string Namespace = "YourName.Space";
    public static readonly string EnumName = "ResponseStatusCode";
    public static readonly bool IncludeComments = true;

    public static readonly object Nodes = new
    {
        SUCCESS = "The response was successful.",
        NON_SUCCESS = "The request was not successful.",
        RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED = "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."
    };
}
#>

然后,添加StringEnum。ttinclude文件。

<#@ template debug="false" hostspecific="false" language="C#" #>
<#@ assembly name="System.Core" #>
<#@ import namespace="System" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Text" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Reflection" #>
<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
<#@ output extension=".cs" #>
<#@ CleanupBehavior processor="T4VSHost" CleanupAfterProcessingtemplate="true" #>

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;

namespace <#= Configuration.Namespace #>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// TypeConverter implementations allow you to use features like string.ToNullable(T).
    /// </summary>
    public class <#= Configuration.EnumName #>TypeConverter : TypeConverter
    {
        public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, Type sourceType)
        {
            return sourceType == typeof(string) || base.CanConvertFrom(context, sourceType);
        }

        public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value)
        {
            var casted = value as string;

            if (casted != null)
            {
                var result = <#= Configuration.EnumName #>.ValueOf(casted);
                if (result != null)
                {
                    return result;
                }
            }

            return base.ConvertFrom(context, culture, value);
        }

        public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext context, CultureInfo culture, object value, Type destinationType)
        {
            var casted = value as <#= Configuration.EnumName #>;
            if (casted != null && destinationType == typeof(string))
            {
                return casted.ToString();
            }

            return base.ConvertTo(context, culture, value, destinationType);
        }
    }

    [TypeConverter(typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>TypeConverter))]
    public class <#= Configuration.EnumName #> : IEquatable<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>>
    {
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// V A L U E S _ L I S T
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<# Write(Helpers.PrintEnumProperties(Configuration.Nodes)); #>

        private static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> _list { get; set; } = null;
        public static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> ToList()
        {
            if (_list == null)
            {
                _list = typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>).GetFields().Where(x => x.IsStatic && x.IsPublic && x.FieldType == typeof(<#= Configuration.EnumName #>))
                    .Select(x => x.GetValue(null)).OfType<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>>().ToList();
            }

            return _list;
        }

        public static List<<#= Configuration.EnumName #>> Values()
        {
            return ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the enum value based on the matching Name of the enum. Case-insensitive search.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static <#= Configuration.EnumName #> ValueOf(string key)
        {
            return ToList().FirstOrDefault(x => string.Compare(x.Name, key, true) == 0);
        }


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// I N S T A N C E _ D E F I N I T I O N
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------      
        public string Name { get; private set; }
        public string Description { get; private set; }
        public override string ToString() { return this.Name; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implcitly converts to string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        public static implicit operator string(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> d)
        {
            return d.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the == method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator !=(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> a, <#= Configuration.EnumName #> b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Equals method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator ==(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> a, <#= Configuration.EnumName #> b)
        {
            return a?.ToString() == b?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            return this.ToString() == o?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool Equals(<#= Configuration.EnumName #> other)
        {
            return this.ToString() == other?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Name property
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.Name.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

<#+

public static class Helpers
{
        public static string PrintEnumProperties(object nodes)
        {
            string o = "";
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props = nodesTp.GetProperties().OrderBy(p => p.Name).ToArray();

            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = props[i];
                if (Configuration.IncludeComments)
                {
                    o += "\r\n\r\n";
                    o += "\r\n        ///<summary>";
                    o += "\r\n        /// "+Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop, Configuration.Nodes);
                    o += "\r\n        ///</summary>";
                }

                o += "\r\n        public static readonly "+Configuration.EnumName+" "+prop.Name+ " = new "+Configuration.EnumName+"(){ Name = \""+prop.Name+"\", Description = "+Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop, Configuration.Nodes)+ "};";
            }

            o += "\r\n\r\n";

            return o;
        }

        private static Dictionary<string, string> GetValuesMap()
        {
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props= nodesTp.GetProperties();
            var dic = new Dictionary<string,string>();
            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = nodesTp.GetProperties()[i];
                dic[prop.Name] = prop.GetValue(Configuration.Nodes).ToString();
            }
            return dic;
        }

        public static string PrintMasterValuesMap(object nodes)
        {
            Type nodesTp = Configuration.Nodes.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] props= nodesTp.GetProperties();
            string o = "        private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> ValuesMap = new Dictionary<string, string>()\r\n        {";
            for(int i = 0; i < props.Length; i++)
            {
                var prop = nodesTp.GetProperties()[i];
                o += "\r\n            { \""+prop.Name+"\", "+(Helpers.PrintPropertyValue(prop,Configuration.Nodes)+" },");
            }
            o += ("\r\n        };\r\n");

            return o;
        }


        public static string PrintPropertyValue(PropertyInfo prop, object objInstance)
        {
            switch(prop.PropertyType.ToString()){
                case "System.Double":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"D";
                case "System.Float":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"F";
                case "System.Decimal":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"M";
                case "System.Long":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString()+"L";
                case "System.Boolean":
                case "System.Int16":
                case "System.Int32":
                    return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString().ToLowerInvariant();
                case "System.String":
                    return "\""+prop.GetValue(objInstance)+"\"";
            }

            return prop.GetValue(objInstance).ToString();
        }

        public static string _ (int numSpaces)
        {
            string o = "";
            for(int i = 0; i < numSpaces; i++){
                o += " ";
            }

            return o;
        }
}
#>

最后,重新编译Enum。Tt文件,输出如下所示:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace YourName.Space
{
    public class ResponseStatusCode
    {
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// V A L U E S _ L I S T 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



        ///<summary>
        /// "The response was successful."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode SUCCESS = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "SUCCESS", Description = "The response was successful."};


        ///<summary>
        /// "The request was not successful."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode NON_SUCCESS = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "NON_SUCCESS", Description = "The request was not successful."};


        ///<summary>
        /// "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."
        ///</summary>
        public static readonly ResponseStatusCode RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED = new ResponseStatusCode(){ Name = "RESOURCE_IS_DISCONTINUED", Description = "The resource requested has been discontinued and can no longer be accessed."};


        private static List<ResponseStatusCode> _list { get; set; } = null;
        public static List<ResponseStatusCode> ToList()
        {
            if (_list == null)
            {
                _list = typeof(ResponseStatusCode).GetFields().Where(x => x.IsStatic && x.IsPublic && x.FieldType == typeof(ResponseStatusCode))
                    .Select(x => x.GetValue(null)).OfType<ResponseStatusCode>().ToList();
            }

            return _list;
        }

        public static List<ResponseStatusCode> Values()
        {
            return ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the enum value based on the matching Name of the enum. Case-insensitive search.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static ResponseStatusCode ValueOf(string key)
        {
            return ToList().FirstOrDefault(x => string.Compare(x.Name, key, true) == 0);
        }


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// I N S T A N C E _ D E F I N I T I O N 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------       
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public override string ToString() { return this.Name; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Implcitly converts to string.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="d"></param>
        public static implicit operator string(ResponseStatusCode d)
        {
            return d.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the == method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator !=(ResponseStatusCode a, ResponseStatusCode b)
        {
            return !(a == b);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Equals method. Handles nulls gracefully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a"></param>
        /// <param name="b"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool operator ==(ResponseStatusCode a, ResponseStatusCode b)
        {
            return a?.ToString() == b?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .ToString() method
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="o"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override bool Equals(object o)
        {
            return this.ToString() == o?.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compares based on the .Name property
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return this.Name.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

可以使用ToString()引用名称而不是值

Console.WriteLine("Auth method: {0}", AuthenticationMethod.Forms.ToString());

文档在这里:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/16c1xs4z.aspx

...如果你在Pascal情况下命名你的枚举(如ThisIsMyEnumValue = 1等),那么你可以使用一个非常简单的正则表达式来打印友好的形式:

static string ToFriendlyCase(this string EnumString)
{
    return Regex.Replace(EnumString, "(?!^)([A-Z])", " $1");
}

可以很容易地从任何字符串调用:

Console.WriteLine("ConvertMyCrazyPascalCaseSentenceToFriendlyCase".ToFriendlyCase());

输出:

把我疯狂的帕斯卡格句转换成友好格句

这节省了在房子周围运行创建自定义属性并将它们附加到枚举或使用查找表将枚举值与友好字符串结合,最好的是它是自我管理的,可以用于任何Pascal Case字符串,这是无限可重用的。当然,它不允许您使用与解决方案提供的枚举不同的友好名称。

不过,我确实喜欢你针对更复杂场景的原始解决方案。你可以把你的解决方案更进一步,让你的GetStringValue成为你的枚举的扩展方法,然后你就不需要像StringEnum.GetStringValue…

public static string GetStringValue(this AuthenticationMethod value)
{
  string output = null;
  Type type = value.GetType();
  FieldInfo fi = type.GetField(value.ToString());
  StringValue[] attrs = fi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(StringValue), false) as StringValue[];
  if (attrs.Length > 0)
    output = attrs[0].Value;
  return output;
}

然后你可以直接从你的枚举实例中访问它:

Console.WriteLine(AuthenticationMethod.SSO.GetStringValue());

我的变体

public struct Colors
{
    private String current;

    private static string red = "#ff0000";
    private static string green = "#00ff00";
    private static string blue = "#0000ff";

    private static IList<String> possibleColors; 

    public static Colors Red { get { return (Colors) red; } }
    public static Colors Green { get { return (Colors) green; } }
    public static Colors Blue { get { return (Colors) blue; } }

    static Colors()
    {
        possibleColors = new List<string>() {red, green, blue};
    }

    public static explicit operator String(Colors value)
    {
        return value.current;
    }

    public static explicit operator Colors(String value)
    {
        if (!possibleColors.Contains(value))
        {
            throw new InvalidCastException();
        }

        Colors color = new Colors();
        color.current = value;
        return color;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(Colors left, Colors right)
    {
        return left.current == right.current;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(Colors left, Colors right)
    {
        return left.current != right.current;
    }

    public bool Equals(Colors other)
    {
        return Equals(other.current, current);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj)) return false;
        if (obj.GetType() != typeof(Colors)) return false;
        return Equals((Colors)obj);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return (current != null ? current.GetHashCode() : 0);
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return current;
    }
}

代码看起来有点丑,但是这个结构体的用法很有代表性。

Colors color1 = Colors.Red;
Console.WriteLine(color1); // #ff0000

Colors color2 = (Colors) "#00ff00";
Console.WriteLine(color2); // #00ff00

// Colors color3 = "#0000ff"; // Compilation error
// String color4 = Colors.Red; // Compilation error

Colors color5 = (Colors)"#ff0000";
Console.WriteLine(color1 == color5); // True

Colors color6 = (Colors)"#00ff00";
Console.WriteLine(color1 == color6); // False

此外,我认为,如果需要大量这样的枚举,可能会使用代码生成(例如T4)。

Enum.GetName(typeof(MyEnum), (int)MyEnum.FORMS)
Enum.GetName(typeof(MyEnum), (int)MyEnum.WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION)
Enum.GetName(typeof(MyEnum), (int)MyEnum.SINGLESIGNON)

输出是:

“形式”

“WINDOWSAUTHENTICATION”

“SINGLESIGNON”