我有一个PHP脚本,可以将PNG图像编码为Base64字符串。

我想用JavaScript做同样的事情。我知道如何打开文件,但我不知道如何进行编码。我不习惯使用二进制数据。


当前回答

我需要一个UTF-8字符串编码为Base64为我的一个项目。这里的大多数答案似乎在转换为UTF-8时不能正确处理UTF-16代理对,因此,为了完成,我将发布我的解决方案:

function strToUTF8Base64(str) {

    function decodeSurrogatePair(hi, lo) {
        var resultChar = 0x010000;
        resultChar += lo - 0xDC00;
        resultChar += (hi - 0xD800) << 10;
        return resultChar;
    }

    var bytes = [0, 0, 0];
    var byteIndex = 0;
    var result = [];

    function output(s) {
        result.push(s);
    }

    function emitBase64() {

        var digits =
                'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' +
                'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' +
                '0123456789+/';

        function toDigit(value) {
            return digits[value];
        }

        // --Byte 0--    --Byte 1--    --Byte 2--
        // 1111  1122    2222  3333    3344  4444

        var d1 = toDigit(bytes[0] >> 2);
        var d2 = toDigit(
            ((bytes[0] & 0x03) << 4) |
            (bytes[1] >> 4));
        var d3 = toDigit(
            ((bytes[1] & 0x0F) << 2) |
            (bytes[2] >> 6));
        var d4 = toDigit(
            bytes[2] & 0x3F);

        if (byteIndex === 1) {
            output(d1 + d2 + '==');
        }
        else if (byteIndex === 2) {
            output(d1 + d2 + d3 + '=');
        }
        else {
            output(d1 + d2 + d3 + d4);
        }
    }

    function emit(chr) {
        bytes[byteIndex++] = chr;
        if (byteIndex == 3) {
            emitBase64();
            bytes[0] = 0;
            bytes[1] = 0;
            bytes[2] = 0;
            byteIndex = 0;
        }
    }

    function emitLast() {
        if (byteIndex > 0) {
            emitBase64();
        }
    }

    // Converts the string to UTF8:

    var i, chr;
    var hi, lo;
    for (i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
        chr = str.charCodeAt(i);

        // Test and decode surrogate pairs in the string
        if (chr >= 0xD800 && chr <= 0xDBFF) {
            hi = chr;
            lo = str.charCodeAt(i + 1);
            if (lo >= 0xDC00 && lo <= 0xDFFF) {
                chr = decodeSurrogatePair(hi, lo);
                i++;
            }
        }

        // Encode the character as UTF-8.
        if (chr < 0x80) {
            emit(chr);
        }
        else if (chr < 0x0800) {
            emit((chr >> 6) | 0xC0);
            emit(((chr >> 0) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
        }
        else if (chr < 0x10000) {
            emit((chr >> 12) | 0xE0);
            emit(((chr >>  6) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
            emit(((chr >>  0) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
        }
        else if (chr < 0x110000) {
            emit((chr >> 18) | 0xF0);
            emit(((chr >> 12) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
            emit(((chr >>  6) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
            emit(((chr >>  0) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
        }
    }

    emitLast();

    return result.join('');
}

注意,代码没有经过彻底的测试。我测试了一些输入,包括strToUTF8Base64('衠衢蠩蠨'),并将其与在线编码工具(https://www.base64encode.org/)的输出进行了比较。

其他回答

如果你想简单快速地编码base 64,而不考虑可能的兼容性问题,你可以使用turbocommons库。只需下载压缩后的js文件并编写以下代码:

<script src="../yourpathtothelibrary/turbocommons-es5.js"></script>

<script>
    var ConversionUtils = org_turbocommons.ConversionUtils;

    ConversionUtils.stringToBase64('hello');
</script>

你可以在这里查看库是如何完成的代码:

https://github.com/edertone/TurboCommons/blob/master/TurboCommons-TS/src/main/ts/utils/ConversionUtils.ts

更多信息:

https://turboframework.org/en/blog/2022-10-26/encode-decode-base64-strings-javascript-typescript-php

你可以在这里在线测试:

https://turboframework.org/en/app/stringutils/base64-encode

对于我的项目,我仍然需要支持IE7和工作大输入编码。

根据Joe Dyndale提出的代码和Marius在评论中提出的建议,可以通过使用数组而不是字符串构造结果来提高IE7的性能。

下面是encode的例子:

var encode = function (input) {
    var output = [], chr1, chr2, chr3, enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4, i = 0;

    input = _utf8_encode(input);

    while (i < input.length) {

        chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
        chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++);

        enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
        enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
        enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
        enc4 = chr3 & 63;

        if (isNaN(chr2)) {
            enc3 = enc4 = 64;
        } else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
            enc4 = 64;
        }

        output.push(_keyStr.charAt(enc1));
        output.push(_keyStr.charAt(enc2));
        output.push(_keyStr.charAt(enc3));
        output.push(_keyStr.charAt(enc4));

    }

    return output.join("");
};

当我使用

btoa("☸☹☺☻☼☾☿"))

我得到:

InvalidCharacterError:要编码的字符串包含Latin1范围之外的字符。

我发现文档,Unicode字符串,提供了一个解决方案如下。

function toBinary(string) { const codeUnits = new Uint16Array(string.length); for (let i = 0; i < codeUnits.length; i++) { codeUnits[i] = string.charCodeAt(i); } return String.fromCharCode(...new Uint8Array(codeUnits.buffer)); } function fromBinary(binary) { const bytes = new Uint8Array(binary.length); for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { bytes[i] = binary.charCodeAt(i); } return String.fromCharCode(...new Uint16Array(bytes.buffer)); } const myString = "☸☹☺☻☼☾☿" // console.log(btoa(myString)) // Error InvalidCharacterError: The string to be encoded contains characters outside of the Latin1 range. const converted = toBinary(myString) const encoded = btoa(converted) console.log(encoded) const decoded = atob(encoded) const original = fromBinary(decoded) console.log(original);

JavaScript没有btoa中间步骤(没有库)

在问题标题中你写的是字符串转换,但在问题中你谈论的是二进制数据(图片),所以这里有一个函数,从PNG图片二进制数据开始进行适当的转换(详细信息和反转转换在这里)。

function bytesArrToBase64(arr) { const abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; // base64 alphabet const bin = n => n.toString(2).padStart(8,0); // convert num to 8-bit binary string const l = arr.length let result = ''; for(let i=0; i<=(l-1)/3; i++) { let c1 = i*3+1>=l; // case when "=" is on end let c2 = i*3+2>=l; // case when "=" is on end let chunk = bin(arr[3*i]) + bin(c1? 0:arr[3*i+1]) + bin(c2? 0:arr[3*i+2]); let r = chunk.match(/.{1,6}/g).map((x,j)=> j==3&&c2 ? '=' :(j==2&&c1 ? '=':abc[+('0b'+x)])); result += r.join(''); } return result; } // TEST const pic = [ // PNG binary data 0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x08, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xf3, 0xff, 0x61, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x73, 0x52, 0x47, 0x42, 0x00, 0xae, 0xce, 0x1c, 0xe9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x59, 0x69, 0x54, 0x58, 0x74, 0x58, 0x4d, 0x4c, 0x3a, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x2f, 0x22, 0x20, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x74, 0x6b, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x58, 0x4d, 0x50, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x20, 0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x52, 0x44, 0x46, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68, 0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77, 0x2e, 0x77, 0x33, 0x2e, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x67, 0x2f, 0x31, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x2f, 0x30, 0x32, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x32, 0x2d, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x79, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x78, 0x2d, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x23, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x44, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x3a, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3d, 0x22, 0x68, 0x74, 0x74, 0x70, 0x3a, 0x2f, 0x2f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x61, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x30, 0x2f, 0x22, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x31, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x69, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x44, 0x65, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x69, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x64, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x52, 0x44, 0x46, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x3a, 0x78, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x3e, 0x0a, 0x4c, 0xc2, 0x27, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x49, 0x44, 0x41, 0x54, 0x38, 0x11, 0x95, 0x93, 0x3d, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x41, 0x0c, 0x85, 0xb3, 0xb2, 0x85, 0xb7, 0x10, 0x6c, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x0b, 0x4b, 0x6f, 0xe2, 0x76, 0x1e, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0x56, 0x6c, 0x2d, 0xbc, 0x85, 0xde, 0xc4, 0xd2, 0x56, 0xb0, 0x11, 0xbc, 0x85, 0x85, 0xa0, 0xfb, 0x46, 0xbf, 0xd9, 0x30, 0x33, 0x88, 0x06, 0x76, 0x93, 0x79, 0x93, 0xf7, 0x92, 0xf9, 0xab, 0xcc, 0xec, 0xd9, 0x7e, 0x7f, 0xd9, 0x63, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xf9, 0x75, 0x8c, 0x92, 0xe0, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x27, 0x88, 0xd9, 0xf4, 0x76, 0xcf, 0xb0, 0xaa, 0x45, 0xb2, 0x0e, 0x4a, 0xe4, 0x94, 0x39, 0x59, 0x0c, 0x03, 0x54, 0x14, 0x58, 0xce, 0xbb, 0xea, 0xdb, 0xd1, 0x3b, 0x71, 0x75, 0xb9, 0x9a, 0xe2, 0x7a, 0x7d, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0x95, 0x35, 0x09, 0x09, 0xef, 0x73, 0xfc, 0xfa, 0x85, 0x67, 0x02, 0x3e, 0x59, 0x55, 0x31, 0x89, 0x31, 0x56, 0x8c, 0x78, 0xb6, 0x04, 0xda, 0x23, 0x01, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x8c, 0xe5, 0x77, 0x87, 0xbb, 0x65, 0x02, 0x24, 0xa4, 0xad, 0x82, 0xcb, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x64, 0x59, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x72, 0x40, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x68, 0xb6, 0x9f, 0x75, 0x08, 0x63, 0xc8, 0x9a, 0x09, 0x02, 0x25, 0x32, 0x34, 0x48, 0x7e, 0xcc, 0x7d, 0x10, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0xd5, 0xd2, 0x1a, 0x3d, 0x89, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xf1, 0x14, 0xb4, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x4d, 0x15, 0xf5, 0xc9, 0xf0, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0x61, 0x8a, 0x75, 0xd1, 0xe8, 0x3a, 0x2c, 0x41, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x41, 0x20, 0x29, 0xf9, 0x9b, 0xb1, 0x37, 0xc5, 0x4d, 0xfc, 0x45, 0x84, 0x7d, 0x08, 0x8f, 0x89, 0x76, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x1b, 0x19, 0x92, 0xef, 0x2c, 0xbe, 0x46, 0x8e, 0xa6, 0x49, 0x5e, 0x61, 0x89, 0xe4, 0x05, 0x5e, 0x4e, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0x10, 0x6e, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x49, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xae, 0x42, 0x60, 0x82 ]; let b64pic = bytesArrToBase64(pic); myPic.src = "data:image/png;base64,"+b64pic; msg.innerHTML = "Base64 encoded pic data:<br>" + b64pic; img { zoom: 10; image-rendering: pixelated; } #msg { word-break: break-all; } <img id="myPic"> <code id="msg"></code>

我宁愿使用CryptoJS中的Base64编码/解码方法,这是使用最佳实践和模式在JavaScript中实现的最流行的标准和安全加密算法库。