三个选项:

创建新数据库，关闭服务器，将文件从一个数据库文件夹移动到另一个数据库文件夹，然后重新启动服务器。注意，这只在所有表都是MyISAM的情况下才有效。 创建新的数据库，使用Create TABLE…LIKE语句，然后使用INSERT…从语句中选择*。 使用mysqldump并重新加载该文件。

使用以下几个简单的命令:

mysqldump -u username -p -v olddatabase > olddbdump.sql
mysqladmin -u username -p create newdatabase
mysql -u username -p newdatabase < olddbdump.sql

或者使用@Pablo Marin-Garcia建议的以下方法来减少I/O:

mysqladmin -u username -p create newdatabase
mysqldump -u username -v olddatabase -p | mysql -u username -p -D newdatabase

我最近才发现了一个很好的方法，使用MyISAM和InnoDB，而且非常快:

RENAME TABLE old_db.table TO new_db.table;

我不记得我在哪里读到的，但功劳归于别人，而不是我。

我能给出的最快和最简单的解决办法是……在MySql Workbench中右键单击您的模式->单击创建模式->输入该模式的名称。

删除旧名称的旧模式。

你已经准备好摇滚....

注意:仅用于本地目的。不要尝试生产数据库表。创建了模式，但其中没有数据。所以要小心。

这里的大多数答案都是错误的，原因有两个:

不能只使用RENAME TABLE，因为可能存在视图和触发器。如果有触发器，RENAME TABLE将失败 如果你想“快速”(如问题中要求的)重命名一个大数据库，你不能使用mysqldump

Percona有一篇关于如何做到这一点的博客文章: https://www.percona.com/blog/2013/12/24/renaming-database-schema-mysql/

以及由西蒙·R·琼斯(Simon R Jones)发布的脚本(制作的?)我修复了在脚本中发现的一个错误。你可以在这里看到:

https://gist.github.com/ryantm/76944318b0473ff25993ef2a7186213d

以下是它的副本:

#!/bin/bash
# Copyright 2013 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
# @see https://www.percona.com/blog/2013/12/24/renaming-database-schema-mysql/
set -e
if [ -z "$3" ]; then
    echo "rename_db <server> <database> <new_database>"
    exit 1
fi
db_exists=`mysql -h $1 -e "show databases like '$3'" -sss`
if [ -n "$db_exists" ]; then
    echo "ERROR: New database already exists $3"
    exit 1
fi
TIMESTAMP=`date +%s`
character_set=`mysql -h $1 -e "SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA WHERE schema_name = '$2'" -sss`
TABLES=`mysql -h $1 -e "select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.tables where table_schema='$2' and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'" -sss`
STATUS=$?
if [ "$STATUS" != 0 ] || [ -z "$TABLES" ]; then
    echo "Error retrieving tables from $2"
    exit 1
fi
echo "create database $3 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $character_set"
mysql -h $1 -e "create database $3 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET $character_set"
TRIGGERS=`mysql -h $1 $2 -e "show triggers\G" | grep Trigger: | awk '{print $2}'`
VIEWS=`mysql -h $1 -e "select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.tables where table_schema='$2' and TABLE_TYPE='VIEW'" -sss`
if [ -n "$VIEWS" ]; then
    mysqldump -h $1 $2 $VIEWS > /tmp/${2}_views${TIMESTAMP}.dump
fi
mysqldump -h $1 $2 -d -t -R -E > /tmp/${2}_triggers${TIMESTAMP}.dump
for TRIGGER in $TRIGGERS; do
    echo "drop trigger $TRIGGER"
    mysql -h $1 $2 -e "drop trigger $TRIGGER"
done
for TABLE in $TABLES; do
    echo "rename table $2.$TABLE to $3.$TABLE"
    mysql -h $1 $2 -e "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; rename table $2.$TABLE to $3.$TABLE"
done
if [ -n "$VIEWS" ]; then
    echo "loading views"
    mysql -h $1 $3 < /tmp/${2}_views${TIMESTAMP}.dump
fi
echo "loading triggers, routines and events"
mysql -h $1 $3 < /tmp/${2}_triggers${TIMESTAMP}.dump
TABLES=`mysql -h $1 -e "select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.tables where table_schema='$2' and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'" -sss`
if [ -z "$TABLES" ]; then
    echo "Dropping database $2"
    mysql -h $1 $2 -e "drop database $2"
fi
if [ `mysql -h $1 -e "select count(*) from mysql.columns_priv where db='$2'" -sss` -gt 0 ]; then
    COLUMNS_PRIV="    UPDATE mysql.columns_priv set db='$3' WHERE db='$2';"
fi
if [ `mysql -h $1 -e "select count(*) from mysql.procs_priv where db='$2'" -sss` -gt 0 ]; then
    PROCS_PRIV="    UPDATE mysql.procs_priv set db='$3' WHERE db='$2';"
fi
if [ `mysql -h $1 -e "select count(*) from mysql.tables_priv where db='$2'" -sss` -gt 0 ]; then
    TABLES_PRIV="    UPDATE mysql.tables_priv set db='$3' WHERE db='$2';"
fi
if [ `mysql -h $1 -e "select count(*) from mysql.db where db='$2'" -sss` -gt 0 ]; then
    DB_PRIV="    UPDATE mysql.db set db='$3' WHERE db='$2';"
fi
if [ -n "$COLUMNS_PRIV" ] || [ -n "$PROCS_PRIV" ] || [ -n "$TABLES_PRIV" ] || [ -n "$DB_PRIV" ]; then
    echo "IF YOU WANT TO RENAME the GRANTS YOU NEED TO RUN ALL OUTPUT BELOW:"
    if [ -n "$COLUMNS_PRIV" ]; then echo "$COLUMNS_PRIV"; fi
    if [ -n "$PROCS_PRIV" ]; then echo "$PROCS_PRIV"; fi
    if [ -n "$TABLES_PRIV" ]; then echo "$TABLES_PRIV"; fi
    if [ -n "$DB_PRIV" ]; then echo "$DB_PRIV"; fi
    echo "    flush privileges;"
fi

将它保存到一个名为rename_db的文件中，并使用chmod +x rename_db使脚本可执行，然后像。/rename_db localhost old_db new_db那样使用它

这里已经有很多非常好的答案，但我没有看到PHP版本。这将在大约一秒钟内复制一个800M DB。

$oldDbName = "oldDBName";
$newDbName = "newDBName";
$oldDB     = new mysqli("localhost", "user", "pass", $oldDbName);
if($oldDB->connect_errno){
    echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $oldDB->connect_errno . ") " . $oldDB->connect_error;
    exit;
}
$newDBQuery = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS {$newDbName}";
$oldDB->query($newDBQuery);
$newDB = new mysqli("localhost", "user", "pass");
if($newDB->connect_errno){
    echo "Failed to connect to MySQL: (" . $newDB->connect_errno . ") " . $newDB->connect_error;
    exit;
}

$tableQuery  = "SHOW TABLES";
$tableResult = $oldDB->query($tableQuery);
$renameQuery = "RENAME TABLE\n";
while($table = $tableResult->fetch_array()){
    $tableName = $table["Tables_in_{$oldDbName}"];
    $renameQuery .= "{$oldDbName}.{$tableName} TO {$newDbName}.{$tableName},";
}
$renameQuery = substr($renameQuery, 0, strlen($renameQuery) - 1);
$newDB->query($renameQuery);