当从代码中调用web资源时,一个常见的任务是构建一个包含所有必要参数的查询字符串。虽然这绝不是火箭科学,但有一些漂亮的细节需要注意,例如,如果不是第一个参数,则添加&,对参数进行编码等。
实现它的代码非常简单,但有点乏味:
StringBuilder SB = new StringBuilder();
if (NeedsToAddParameter A)
{
SB.Append("A="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfA"));
}
if (NeedsToAddParameter B)
{
if (SB.Length>0) SB.Append("&");
SB.Append("B="); SB.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode("TheValueOfB")); }
}
这是一个非常常见的任务,人们希望存在一个实用工具类,使其更加优雅和可读。扫描MSDN,我没有找到一个,这让我想到了以下问题:
你所知道的最优雅干净的方法是什么?
我写了一些扩展方法,我发现在使用QueryStrings时非常有用。通常我想从当前的QueryString开始,并在使用它之前进行修改。类似的,
var res = Request.QueryString.Duplicate()
.ChangeField("field1", "somevalue")
.ChangeField("field2", "only if following is true", true)
.ChangeField("id", id, id>0)
.WriteLocalPathWithQuery(Request.Url)); //Uses context to write the path
欲了解更多信息,请访问:http://www.charlesrcook.com/archive/2008/07/23/c-extension-methods-for-asp.net-query-string-operations.aspx
很简单,但我喜欢这种风格。
基于扩展方法的快速版本:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var parameters = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("A", "AValue"),
new KeyValuePair<string, string>("B", "BValue")
};
string output = "?" + string.Join("&", parameters.ConvertAll(param => param.ToQueryString()).ToArray());
}
}
public static class KeyValueExtensions
{
public static string ToQueryString(this KeyValuePair<string, string> obj)
{
return obj.Key + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(obj.Value);
}
}
可以使用where子句来选择将哪些参数添加到字符串中。
结合顶部的答案创建一个匿名对象版本:
var queryString = HttpUtility2.BuildQueryString(new
{
key2 = "value2",
key1 = "value1",
});
这会产生这样的结果:
key2 = value2&key1 = value1
代码如下:
public static class HttpUtility2
{
public static string BuildQueryString<T>(T obj)
{
var queryString = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(string.Empty);
foreach (var property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(T)).Cast<PropertyDescriptor>())
{
var value = (property.GetValue(obj) ?? "").ToString();
queryString.Add(property.Name, value);
}
return queryString.ToString();
}
}
只针对那些需要VB的人。NET版本的顶级答案:
Public Function ToQueryString(nvc As System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection) As String
Dim array As String() = nvc.AllKeys.SelectMany(Function(key As String) nvc.GetValues(key), Function(key As String, value As String) String.Format("{0}={1}", System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(key), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(value))).ToArray()
Return "?" + String.Join("&", array)
End Function
以及没有LINQ的版本:
Public Function ToQueryString(nvc As System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection) As String
Dim lsParams As New List(Of String)()
For Each strKey As String In nvc.AllKeys
Dim astrValue As String() = nvc.GetValues(strKey)
For Each strValue As String In astrValue
lsParams.Add(String.Format("{0}={1}", System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strKey), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strValue)))
Next ' Next strValue
Next ' strKey
Dim astrParams As String() = lsParams.ToArray()
lsParams.Clear()
lsParams = Nothing
Return "?" + String.Join("&", astrParams)
End Function ' ToQueryString
和没有LINQ的c#版本:
public static string ToQueryString(System.Collections.Specialized.NameValueCollection nvc)
{
List<string> lsParams = new List<string>();
foreach (string strKey in nvc.AllKeys)
{
string[] astrValue = nvc.GetValues(strKey);
foreach (string strValue in astrValue)
{
lsParams.Add(string.Format("{0}={1}", System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strKey), System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strValue)));
} // Next strValue
} // Next strKey
string[] astrParams =lsParams.ToArray();
lsParams.Clear();
lsParams = null;
return "?" + string.Join("&", astrParams);
} // End Function ToQueryString
适用于NameValueCollection中每个键的多个值。
例:{{“k1”、“v1”},{“k1”、“v1”}}= > ? k1 = v1&k1 = v1
/// <summary>
/// Get query string for name value collection.
/// </summary>
public static string ToQueryString(this NameValueCollection collection,
bool prefixQuestionMark = true)
{
collection.NullArgumentCheck();
if (collection.Keys.Count == 0)
{
return "";
}
var buffer = new StringBuilder();
if (prefixQuestionMark)
{
buffer.Append("?");
}
var append = false;
for (int i = 0; i < collection.Keys.Count; i++)
{
var key = collection.Keys[i];
var values = collection.GetValues(key);
key.NullCheck();
values.NullCheck();
foreach (var value in values)
{
if (append)
{
buffer.Append("&");
}
append = true;
buffer.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", key.UrlEncode(), value.UrlEncode());
}
}
return buffer.ToString();
}