如果我在同一个类上同步了两个方法，它们能同时在同一个对象上运行吗?例如:
class A {
public synchronized void methodA() {
//method A
}
public synchronized void methodB() {
// method B
}
}
我知道我不能在两个不同的线程中对同一个对象运行methodA()两次。在methodB()中也是如此。
但我可以运行methodB()在不同的线程，而methodA()仍在运行?(同一对象)
当前回答
不容易理解的同步的关键思想是，它只有在对同一个对象实例调用方法时才会起作用——这已经在回答和评论中突出显示了——
下面的示例程序是清楚地查明相同的-
public class Test {
public synchronized void methodA(String currentObjectName) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodA in");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodA out");
}
public synchronized void methodB(String currentObjectName) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodB in");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodB out");
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Test object1 = new Test();
Test object2 = new Test();
//passing object instances to the runnable to make calls later
TestRunner runner = new TestRunner(object1,object2);
// you need to start atleast two threads to properly see the behaviour
Thread thread1 = new Thread(runner);
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(runner);
thread2.start();
}
}
class TestRunner implements Runnable {
Test object1;
Test object2;
public TestRunner(Test h1,Test h2) {
this.object1 = h1;
this.object2 = h2;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject(object1);
//noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects(object1,object2);
}
// this method calls the method A and B with same object instance object1 hence simultaneous NOT possible
private void synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject(Test object1) {
try {
object1.methodA("object1");
object1.methodB("object1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// this method calls the method A and B with different object instances object1 and object2 hence simultaneous IS possible
private void noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects(Test object1,Test object2) {
try {
object1.methodA("object1");
object2.methodB("object2");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
请注意，如果在不同的对象实例上调用方法，则输出中允许同时访问的方式是不同的。
输出带有noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects()注释-输出是in order methodA in > methodA Out ..methodB in > methodB Out
和输出synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject()注释- 输出显示在突出显示的部分-中，Thread1和Thread0同时访问方法da
增加线程数将使其更加明显。
其他回答
不容易理解的同步的关键思想是，它只有在对同一个对象实例调用方法时才会起作用——这已经在回答和评论中突出显示了——
下面的示例程序是清楚地查明相同的-
public class Test {
public synchronized void methodA(String currentObjectName) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodA in");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodA out");
}
public synchronized void methodB(String currentObjectName) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodB in");
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->" +currentObjectName + "->methodB out");
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Test object1 = new Test();
Test object2 = new Test();
//passing object instances to the runnable to make calls later
TestRunner runner = new TestRunner(object1,object2);
// you need to start atleast two threads to properly see the behaviour
Thread thread1 = new Thread(runner);
thread1.start();
Thread thread2 = new Thread(runner);
thread2.start();
}
}
class TestRunner implements Runnable {
Test object1;
Test object2;
public TestRunner(Test h1,Test h2) {
this.object1 = h1;
this.object2 = h2;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject(object1);
//noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects(object1,object2);
}
// this method calls the method A and B with same object instance object1 hence simultaneous NOT possible
private void synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject(Test object1) {
try {
object1.methodA("object1");
object1.methodB("object1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// this method calls the method A and B with different object instances object1 and object2 hence simultaneous IS possible
private void noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects(Test object1,Test object2) {
try {
object1.methodA("object1");
object2.methodB("object2");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
请注意，如果在不同的对象实例上调用方法，则输出中允许同时访问的方式是不同的。
输出带有noEffectOfSynchronizedAsMethodsCalledOnDifferentObjects()注释-输出是in order methodA in > methodA Out ..methodB in > methodB Out
和输出synchronizedEffectiveAsMethodsCalledOnSameObject()注释- 输出显示在突出显示的部分-中，Thread1和Thread0同时访问方法da
增加线程数将使其更加明显。
Java线程在进入实例同步Java方法时获得一个对象级锁，在进入静态同步Java方法时获得一个类级锁。
在您的示例中，方法(实例)属于同一个类。因此，当一个线程进入java synchronized方法或块时，它会获得一个锁(方法被调用的对象)。因此，在第一个方法完成并释放lock(on object)之前，不能在同一对象上同时调用其他方法。
这两种方法都锁定同一个监视器。因此，你不能同时从不同的线程在同一个对象上执行它们(两个方法中的一个会阻塞，直到另一个方法完成)。
清楚地说，静态同步和非静态同步方法都可能同时或并发地运行，因为一个有对象级锁，另一个有类级锁。
你同步的是对象而不是类。所以它们不能同时在同一物体上运行
