在Django表单中,我如何使字段只读(或禁用)?

当使用表单创建新条目时,应该启用所有字段——但当记录处于更新模式时,某些字段需要为只读。

例如,当创建一个新的Item模型时,所有字段都必须是可编辑的,但是在更新记录时,是否有一种方法禁用sku字段,使其可见,但不能编辑?

class Item(models.Model):
    sku = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    added_by = models.ForeignKey(User)


class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Item
        exclude = ('added_by')

def new_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
            form = ItemForm()
    # Render the view

ItemForm类可以重用吗?ItemForm或Item模型类需要做哪些更改?我是否需要编写另一个类“ItemUpdateForm”来更新项目?

def update_item_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ItemUpdateForm(request.POST)
        # Validate and save
    else:
        form = ItemUpdateForm()

当前回答

我刚刚为一个只读字段创建了一个最简单的小部件——我真的不明白为什么表单还没有这个:

class ReadOnlyWidget(widgets.Widget):
    """Some of these values are read only - just a bit of text..."""
    def render(self, _, value, attrs=None):
        return value

在表格中:

my_read_only = CharField(widget=ReadOnlyWidget())

非常简单,只输出结果。在一个有一堆只读值的表单集中很方便。 当然,你也可以更聪明一点,给它一个带有attrs的div,这样你就可以在上面添加类了。

其他回答

对于Django 1.2+,你可以像这样重写字段:

sku = forms.CharField(widget = forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly':'readonly'}))

你可以优雅地在小部件中添加readonly:

class SurveyModaForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model  = Survey
        fields = ['question_no']
        widgets = {
        'question_no':forms.NumberInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','readonly':True}),
        }

另外两种(类似的)方法和一个通用的例子:

1)第一种方法-删除save()方法中的字段,例如(未测试;)):

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    for fname in self.readonly_fields:
        if fname in self.cleaned_data:
            del self.cleaned_data[fname]
    return super(<form-name>, self).save(*args,**kwargs)

2)第二种方法-在clean方法中将字段重置为初始值:

def clean_<fieldname>(self):
    return self.initial[<fieldname>] # or getattr(self.instance, fieldname)

基于第二种方法,我将其概括为:

from functools                 import partial

class <Form-name>(...):

    def __init__(self, ...):
        ...
        super(<Form-name>, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        ...
        for i, (fname, field) in enumerate(self.fields.iteritems()):
            if fname in self.readonly_fields:
                field.widget.attrs['readonly'] = "readonly"
                field.required = False
                # set clean method to reset value back
                clean_method_name = "clean_%s" % fname
                assert clean_method_name not in dir(self)
                setattr(self, clean_method_name, partial(self._clean_for_readonly_field, fname=fname))

    def _clean_for_readonly_field(self, fname):
        """ will reset value to initial - nothing will be changed 
            needs to be added dynamically - partial, see init_fields
        """
        return self.initial[fname] # or getattr(self.instance, fieldname)

如果您需要多个只读字段。您可以使用下面给出的任何方法

方法1

class ItemForm(ModelForm):
    readonly = ('sku',)

    def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
        super(ItemForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
        for x in self.readonly:
            self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'

    def clean(self):
        data = super(ItemForm, self).clean()
        for x in self.readonly:
            data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
        return data

方法2

继承的方法

class AdvancedModelForm(ModelForm):


    def __init__(self, *arg, **kwrg):
        super(AdvancedModelForm, self).__init__(*arg, **kwrg)
        if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
            for x in self.readonly:
                self.fields[x].widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'disabled'

    def clean(self):
        data = super(AdvancedModelForm, self).clean()
        if hasattr(self, 'readonly'):
            for x in self.readonly:
                data[x] = getattr(self.instance, x)
        return data


class ItemForm(AdvancedModelForm):
    readonly = ('sku',)

基于@paeduardo的回答(这是多余的),你可以在表单类初始化器中禁用一个字段:

class RecordForm(ModelForm):

     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            var = self.fields['the_field']
            var.disabled = True